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九个PHP很有用的功能

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:43 AM
php function Function parameter definition number use of Purpose Know default

  1. 函数的任意数目的参数

  你可能知道PHP允许你定义一个默认参数的函数。但你可能并不知道PHP还允许你定义一个完全任意的参数的函数

  下面是一个示例向你展示了默认参数的函数:

  // 两个默认参数的函数

  function foo($arg1 = , $arg2 = ) {

  echo "arg1: $arg1 ";

  echo "arg2: $arg2 ";

  }

  foo(hello,world);

  /* 输出:

  arg1: hello

  arg2: world

  */

  foo();

  /* 输出:

  arg1:

  arg2:

  */ 

 

  现在我们来看一看一个不定参数的函数,其使用到了?func_get_args()方法:

  // 是的,形参列表为空

  function foo() {

  // 取得所有的传入参数的数组

  $args = func_get_args();

  foreach ($args as $k => $v) {

  echo "arg".($k+1).": $v ";

  }

  }

  foo();

  /* 什么也不会输出 */

  foo(hello);

  /* 输出

  arg1: hello

  */

  foo(hello, world, again);

  /* 输出

  arg1: hello

  arg2: world

  arg3: again

  */ 

 

  2. 使用 Glob() 查找文件

  很多PHP的函数都有一个比较长的自解释的函数名,但是,当你看到?glob() 的时候,你可能并不知道这个函数是用来干什么的,除非你对它已经很熟悉了。

  你可以认为这个函数就好?scandir() 一样,其可以用来查找文件。

  // 取得所有的后缀为PHP的文件

  $files = glob(*.php);

  print_r($files);

  /* 输出:

  Array

  (

  [0] => phptest.php

  [1] => pi.php

  [2] => post_output.php

  [3] => test.php

  )

  */ 

 

  你还可以查找多种后缀名

  // 取PHP文件和TXT文件

  $files = glob(*.{php,txt}, GLOB_BRACE);

  print_r($files);

  /* 输出:

  Array

  (

  [0] => phptest.php

  [1] => pi.php

  [2] => post_output.php

  [3] => test.php

  [4] => log.txt

  [5] => test.txt

  )

  */

  你还可以加上路径:

  $files = glob(../images/a*.jpg);

  print_r($files);

  /* 输出:

  Array

  (

  [0] => ../images/apple.jpg

  [1] => ../images/art.jpg

  )

  */ 

 

  如果你想得到绝对路径,你可以调用?realpath() 函数:

  $files = glob(../images/a*.jpg);

  // applies the function to each array element

  $files = array_map(realpath,$files);

  print_r($files);

  /* output looks like:

  Array

  (

  [0] => C:wampwwwimagesapple.jpg

  [1] => C:wampwwwimagesart.jpg

  )

  */ 

 

  3. 内存使用信息

  观察你程序的内存使用能够让你更好的优化你的代码。

  PHP 是有垃圾回收机制的,而且有一套很复杂的内存管理机制。你可以知道你的脚本所使用的内存情况。要知道当前内存使用情况,你可以使用?memory_get_usage() 函数,如果你想知道使用内存的峰值,你可以调用memory_get_peak_usage() 函数。

  echo "Initial: ".memory_get_usage()." bytes ";

  /* 输出

  Initial: 361400 bytes

  */

  // 使用内存

  for ($i = 0; $i

  $array []= md5($i);

  }

  // 删除一半的内存

  for ($i = 0; $i

  unset($array[$i]);

  }

  echo "Final: ".memory_get_usage()." bytes ";

  /* prints

  Final: 885912 bytes

  */

  echo "Peak: ".memory_get_peak_usage()." bytes ";

  /* 输出峰值

  Peak: 13687072 bytes

  */ 

 

  4. CPU使用信息

  使用?getrusage() 函数可以让你知道CPU的使用情况。注意,这个功能在Windows下不可用。

  print_r(getrusage());

  /* 输出

  Array

  (

  [ru_oublock] => 0

  [ru_inblock] => 0

  [ru_msgsnd] => 2

  [ru_msgrcv] => 3

  [ru_maxrss] => 12692

  [ru_ixrss] => 764

  [ru_idrss] => 3864

  [ru_minflt] => 94

  [ru_majflt] => 0

  [ru_nsignals] => 1

  [ru_nvcsw] => 67

  [ru_nivcsw] => 4

  [ru_nswap] => 0

  [ru_utime.tv_usec] => 0

  [ru_utime.tv_sec] => 0

  [ru_stime.tv_usec] => 6269

  [ru_stime.tv_sec] => 0

  )

  */ 

 

  这个结构看上出很晦涩,除非你对CPU很了解。下面一些解释:

  ru_oublock: 块输出操作

  ru_inblock: 块输入操作

  ru_msgsnd: 发送的message

  ru_msgrcv: 收到的message

  ru_maxrss: 最大驻留集大小

  ru_ixrss: 全部共享内存大小

  ru_idrss:全部非共享内存大小

  ru_minflt: 页回收

  ru_majflt: 页失效

  ru_nsignals: 收到的信号

  ru_nvcsw: 主动上下文切换

  ru_nivcsw: 被动上下文切换

  ru_nswap: 交换区

  ru_utime.tv_usec: 用户态时间 (microseconds)

  ru_utime.tv_sec: 用户态时间(seconds)

  ru_stime.tv_usec: 系统内核时间 (microseconds)

  ru_stime.tv_sec: 系统内核时间?(seconds) 

 

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