Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP了解之一:this,self,parent三个关键字之间的区别【转】

PHP了解之一:this,self,parent三个关键字之间的区别【转】

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:47 AM
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PHP理解之一:this,self,parent三个关键字之间的区别【转】

转自:http://hi.baidu.com/sneidar/blog/item/4c0015ecd4da9d38269791d3.html

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PHP5是一具备了大部分面向对象语言的特性的语言,比PHP4有了很多的面向对象的特性,但是有部分概念也比较难以理解,这里我主要谈的是 this,self,parent三个关键字之间的区别。从字面上比较好理解,分别是指这、自己、父亲。我们先建立几个概念,这三个关键字分别是用在什么 地方呢?我们初步解释一下,

  • this是指向当前对象的指针(姑且用C里面的指针来看吧);
  • self是指向当前类的指针;
  • parent是指向父类的指针

我们这里频繁使用指针来描述,是因为没有更好的语言来表达。

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一、this:当前对象指针

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class UserName {   private $namefunction __construct($name){        $this->name = $name;     }    function __destruct(){    }    function printName(){       print($this->name);    } } $no1 = new UserName('thomas.chen'); $no1->printName(); print('<br/>'); $no2 = new UserName('berry.chen'); $no2->printName();

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我们看,上面的类分别在5行和13行使用了this指针,那么当时this是指向谁呢?其实this是在实例化的时候来确定指向谁,比如第一次实例化对象 的时候(17行),那么当时this就是指向$no1t对象,那么执行18行的打印的时候就把print( $this->name )变成了print( $nameObject->name ),那么当然就输出了"thomas.chen"。第二个实例的时候,print( $this->name )变成了print( $no2->name ),于是就输出了"berry.chen"。所以说,this就是指向当前对象实例的指针,不指向任何其他对象或类。

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二、self:当前类指针

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class Counter { private static $firstCount = 0; private $lastCount; function __construct() {        $this->lastCount = ++self :: $firstCount;    }   function printLastCount(){      print($this->lastCount); }}$c1 = new Counter();$c1->printLastCount();print('<br/>');$c2 = new Counter();$c2->printLastCount();

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我们这里只要注意两个地方,第2行和第6行。我们在第2行定义了一个静态变量$firstCount,并且初始值为0,那么在6行的时候调用了这个值, 使用的是self来调用,并且中间使用"::"来连接,就是我们所谓的域运算符,那么这时候我们调用的就是类自己定义的静态变量$frestCount, 我们的静态变量与下面对象的实例无关,它只是跟类有关,那么我调用类本身的的,那么我们就无法使用this来引用,可以使用self来引用,因为self是指向类本身,与任何对象实例无关。换句话说,假如我们的类里面静态的成员,我们也必须使用self来调用。

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三、parent : 父指针。通常一般我们使用parent来调用父类的构造函数。

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class Animal {  public $name;   function __construct($name){        $this->name = $name; }}class Person extends Animal { public $sex;    public $age;    function __construct($name,$sex,$age){      parent::__construct($name);     $this->sex = $sex;       $this->age = $age;   }   function printPerson(){     print('[name:'.$this->name.', sex:'.$this->sex.', age:'.$this->age.']');   }}$person = new Person('thomas.chen','Male','25');$person->printPerson();

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我 们注意这么几个细节:成员属性都是public的,特别是父类的,是为了供继承类通过this来访问。我们注意关键的地方,第15行: parent::__construct($name),这时候我们就使用parent来调用父类的构造函数进行对父类的初始化,因为父类的成员都是public的,于是我们就能够在继承类中直接使用 this来调用。

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