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PHP创建与解析XML

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:48 AM
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随着 XML 不断的升温, PHP 提供了大量的用来专门处理 XML 的标准库 ( 类库 ) 来操控 XML 。例如 ,DOM XML 扩展的改写、 SimpleXML 扩展、 SOAP 扩展,还有PHP5.1 的 XMLReader 和XMLWrite 扩展等。


一. 使用 SimpleXML 操控 XML

  要处理 XML 文件,有两种传统的处理思路: SAX 和 DOM 。 SAX 基于事件触发机制,对 XML 文件进行一次扫描,完成要进行的处理; DOM 则将整个 XML 文件构造为一棵 DOM树,通过对 DOM 树的遍历完成处理。这两种方法各有优缺点, SAX 的处理思路相对抽象,DOM 的处理过程相对烦琐,都不很适合新手的入门。PHP5 推出了一套新的 XML 处理函数,即 SimpleXML 。名如其实, SimpleXML 本身小巧精干,只提供了少量的几个方法函数,但用它处理起 XML 文件功能却非常强大,操作也非常的简单。


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1. 创建 XML 文件 
 
$ _ xml =  
 
 
 
 
1.0 version > 
 
xml 解析测试  
 
 
 
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http://www.google.com.hk 
 
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http://www.csdn.net 
 
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xml; 
 
$ _sxe = new SimpleXMLElement( $ _xml ); // 创建对象解析 xml 字符串 
 
$ _sxe ->asXML( 'test.xml' ); // 生成 XML 文件 
 
  
 
2. 载入 XML 文件 
 
$ _sxe = simplexml_load_file( "test.xml" ); // 载入 XML 文件 
 
var_dump( $ _sxe ); // 输出相关信息 
 
print_r( $ _sxe ); // 输出主要信息 
 
Reflection::export( new ReflectionClass( $sxe )); // 用反射查看详情 
 
  
 
3. 解析 XML 文件 
 
$ _sxe = simplexml_load_file( "test.xml" ); // 载入 XML 文件 
 
var_dump( $ _sxe ); // 输出相关信息 
 
print_r( $ _sxe ); // 输出主要信息 
 
Reflection::export( new ReflectionClass( $ _sxe )); // 用发射查看详情 
 
echo $_ sxe ->asXML(); // 打印整个 XML 
 
  
 
4. 读出 XML 数据 
 
$_ sxe = simplexml_load_file( "test.xml" ); 
 
// 读取一级节点的值,比如 version 标签 
 
echo $_ sxe ->version; 
 
// 如果有多个,可以设置它的数字下标 
 
echo $_ sxe ->version[ 2 ]; 
 
// 如果想要全部打印出来,可以用遍历 
 
foreach ( $_ sxe ->version as $_version ) { 
 
echo '[' . $_version . ']' ; 
 

 
// 访问二级节点的 name 
 
echo $_ sxe ->user[ 1 ]->name; 
 
// 获取所有二级节点的 name 值 
 
foreach ( $_ sxe ->user as $_user ) { 
 
echo '[' . $_user ->name. ']' ; 
 

 
// 获取二级节点的标签的属性 
 
echo $_ sxe ->user[ 1 ]-> author ->attributes(); 
 
  
 
5. 使用 XPath 来获取节点 
 
$_ sxe = simplexml_load_file( "test.xml" ); 
 
// 使用 XPath 获取节点信息www.2cto.com 
 
$_version = $_ sxe ->xpath( '/root/version' ); 
 
echo $_version [ 1 ]; 
 
// 遍历 version 
 
foreach ( $_version as $_v ) { 
 
echo '[' . $_v . ']' ; 
 

 
// 访问二级节点 
 
$_user = $_ sxe ->xpath( '/root/user' ); 
 
echo $_use r [ 2 ]->name; 
 
// 遍历二级节点 
 
foreach ( $_user as $_u ) { 
 
echo '[' . $_u ->name. ']' ; 
 

 
// 访问属性 
 
echo $_user [ 1 ]->author->attributes(); 
 
  
二. 使用 DOMDocument 操控 XML

  很多情况下 , 手工生成标记要求从上到下生成文档 , 必须保证标签都是完整的 , 开始和结束标签。尽管借助于一些 PHP 函数或类可以有所改善,不过 PHP 还提供了一组更有帮助的内置对象和函数。文档对象模型( Document Object Model , DOM )提供了一个树状结构,能很容易创建和处理标签。
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1. DOMDocument 解析 XML 
 
// 创建一个 DOMDocument() 
 
$_doc = new DOMDocument(); 
 
// 载入 xml 
 
$_doc ->load( 'test.xml' ); 
 
// 取 version 标签 
 
$_version = $_doc ->getElementsByTagName( 'version' ); 
 
echo $_version ->item( 2 )->nodeValue; 
 
// 遍历 version 标签 
 
foreach ( $_version as $v ) { 
 
echo $v ->nodeValue; 
 

 
2. DOMDocument 生成 XML 
 
// 声明 xml 
 
$_doc = new DOMDocument( '1.0' , 'utf-8' ); 
 
// 排版格式 
 
$_doc ->formatOutput = true ; 
 
// 创建一个主标签 
 
$_root = $_doc ->createElement( 'root' ); 
 
// 创建一个一级标签 version 
 
$_version = $_doc ->createElement( 'version' ); 
 
// 给 version 标签里赋值 
 
$_versionTextNode = $_doc ->createTextNode( '1.0' ); 
 
// 将值放入 version 标签里 
 
$_version ->appendChild( $_versionTextNode ); 
 
// 将一级标签 version 放入 root 里 
 
$_root ->appendChild( $_version ); 
 
// 将主标签写入 xml 
 
$_doc ->appendChild( $_root ); 
 
// 生成 xml 
 
$_doc ->save( 'aaa.xml' ); 
 


摘自  geniusxiaoyu的专栏 
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