Windows 上 Nginx + PHP5 的安装与配置
Windows 下 Nginx + PHP5 的安装与配置
安装 PHP5
首先，从 http://windows.php.net/download/ 下载最新的 PHP 5.3 Windows 版本，这里 PHP 以 FastCGI 模式运行，所以请下载 None Thead Safe 版本。
解压至 C:\php5，把压缩包中的 php.ini-recommended，更名为 php.ini，然后打开修改几个选项：
1234567891011 Copy after login |
<span style="color: #000099;">error_reporting</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">=</span><span style="color: #660066;"> E_ALL</span><span style="color: #000099;">display_errors</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">=</span><span style="color: #660066;"> On</span><span style="color: #000099;">extension_dir</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span style="color: #993333;">"C:\php5\ext"</span>?<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">; 动态扩展，可以根据需要去掉 extension 前面的注释 ; </span><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">; 如加载 PDO, MySQL</span><span style="color: #000099;">extension</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">=</span><span style="color: #660066;">php_pdo.dll</span><span style="color: #000099;">extension</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">=</span><span style="color: #660066;">php_pdo_mysql.dll</span>?<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">; CGI 设置</span>cgi.fix_pathinfo <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">=</span><span style="color: #660066;"> 1</span> Copy after login |
?
PHP 加载扩展需要注意依赖性，比如 php_exif.dll 需要 php_mbstring.dll，你必须要把 php_mbstring.dll 放在 php_exif.dll 前面才能加载成功。有些扩展依赖额外的 dll 文件，如 PHP 5.0+ ，php_mysqli.dll 依赖 libmysql.dll，而 php_oci8.dll，你则需要安装 Oracle 8 的客户端。如果你对这些依赖性不是太了解，可以参考一下安装包中的 install.txt 文件。
依赖文件的搜索顺序：首先是 php.exe 所在的目录，如果是 ISAPI 模式，那么会搜索 Web Server 的启动位置，比如 Apache 的 bin 目录；其次是 Windows PATH 环境变量中的目录。这里不要复制任何文件到 Windows 目录中，有必要的话，可以把 C:\php5 加到 PATH 中，便于以后 PHP 的升级。
安装 Nginx
从 v0.7.52 开始，Nginx 开始发布 Windows 版本的 Nginx，你可以在其官方网站上面下载：
http://nginx.net
如果需要老版本的 Nginx for Windows，可以在 Kevin Worthington 的网站上面找找。
我使用的是 0.8.29，下载好以后，解压释放文件到 C:\nginx。
那么如何配置 Nginx，使其可以和 PHP 协同工作？
配置 PHP FastCGI
Nginx 需要和 FastCGI Server 配合才能处理请求，有两种方式运行 PHP FastCGI Server，一种就是使用 PHP 内置的 FastCGI 管理器：
1 Copy after login | C:<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>php5<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>php-cgi.exe <span style="color: #660033;">-b</span> 127.0.0.1:<span style="color: #000000;">9000</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-c</span> C:<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>php5<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>php.ini Copy after login |
另外一种方式是使用第三方工具，比如 PHP-FPM 、cgi-fcgi 等。显然！要在 Windows 中使用这些工具是件极其痛苦的事情，你可能需要 Cygwin 之类的东西才行，的确有人这么做了，虽然我觉得那是自寻烦恼。
下一步，修改 Nginx ，将 php 请求转发至 PHP FastCGI Server：
123456 Copy after login Copy after login | <span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000</span>location ~ ^(.+\.php)(.*)$ { root D:/public_html; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; <span style="color: #00007f;">include</span> php.conf;}Copy after login |
root 也就是 $document_root 指的是你的 php scripts 根目录，设置为你的网站根目录。在 Windows 下，需要注意的是 root 的路径，最好使用 "/" 作为路径分隔符，而不是 Windows 默认的 "\"，否则容易出问题，比如，这个路径：D:\public_html\test，就不会起作用，Nginx 会抛出 500 错误，原因是 \test 中 \t 被解析为制表符。当然再加上一个反斜杠转义也是可以的，如：D:\\public_html\\test。
php.conf 配置文件：
123456789101112 Copy after login Copy after login | <span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 连接到本机 9000 端口，这里的端口是指 PHP FastCGI Server 开启的端口，</span><span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 请与 php-cgi.exe 开启的端口保持一致</span><span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 当 Nginx 收到 php 文件的请求时，会自动转发到 PHP FastCGI Server</span>fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:<span style="color: #ff0000;">9000</span>;fastcgi_index index.php;?<span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># Nginx 默认是不支持 CGI PATH_INFO，SCRIPT_NAME 的值也不标准（糅合了 PATH_INFO）</span><span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 下面的两行指令，可以从 SCRIPT_NAME 中剥离出 PATH_INFO</span>fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;?<span style="color: #00007f;">include</span> fastcgi_params; Copy after login |
创建一个独立的 php.conf 保存配置，纯粹是为了精简 nginx.conf，个人习惯而已，也可以全部写在主配置文件中。
修改 php.ini，设置 cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1，这非常重要，PHP 会修正 SCRIPT_FILENAME 为真实的文件地址，否则 PHP 将无法找到需要处理的 php 文件。
一些其他的设置，主服务器：
1234567891011121314 Copy after login | <span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 默认开启的进程数</span>worker_processes <span style="color: #ff0000;">1</span>;?error_log logs/error.log;<span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;">#error_log logs/error.log notice;</span><span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;">#error_log logs/error.log info;</span>?<span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;">#pid logs/nginx.pid;</span>?events {<span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 一个进程所处理的最大连接数上限，</span><span style="color: #adadad; font-style: italic;"># 本地开发，不需要默认的 1024，这里改为 64</span> worker_connections <span style="color: #ff0000;">64</span>;}Copy after login |
当某个目录下面不存在默认 index.php index.html 等首页文件时，Nginx 会抛出 403 ERROR，如果你需要罗列此目录，则可以在 http {… } 中加入如下命令：
123 Copy after login | autoindex <span style="color: #0000ff;">on</span>;autoindex_exact_size <span style="color: #0000ff;">on</span>;autoindex_localtime <span style="color: #0000ff;">on</span>; Copy after login |
OK，整合到一起
创建 start_nginx.bat，用于同时启动 PHP FastCGI 和 Nginx：
123456789101112 Copy after login Copy after login | <span style="color: #33cc33;">@</span><span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> off<span style="color: #808080; font-style: italic;">REM Windows 下无效</span><span style="color: #808080; font-style: italic;">REM set PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=5</span><span style="color: #808080; font-style: italic;">REM 每个进程处理的最大请求数，或设置为 Windows 环境变量</span><span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">set</span> PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000?<span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> Starting PHP FastCGI...RunHiddenConsole C:/php5/php-cgi.exe -b 127.0.0.1:9000 -c C:/php5/php.ini?<span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> Starting nginx...C:/nginx/nginx.exe -p C:/nginx Copy after login |
RunHiddenConsole.exe 是一个用来隐藏 DOS 窗口的小程序，可以在这里下载。
start_nginx.bat 开启后，也会有 DOS 窗口，但是可以安全的关掉，并不会关闭 Nginx 和 php-cgi.exe。
同样 stop_nginx.bat，用来关闭：
123456 Copy after login Copy after login | <span style="color: #33cc33;">@</span><span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> off<span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> Stopping nginx...taskkill /F /IM nginx.exe <span style="color: #33cc33;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-weight: bold;">nul</span><span style="color: #b1b100; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> Stopping PHP FastCGI...taskkill /F /IM php-cgi.exe <span style="color: #33cc33;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-weight: bold;">nul</span><span style="color: #00b100; font-weight: bold;">exit</span> Copy after login |
到这里基本配置完毕了。
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