[BOM]PHP程序的UTF8神秘编码问题之解
提示:采用UTF-8编码的用户请勿使用记事本对代码文件及模板文件进行编辑,使用可以去掉Unicode 签名(BOM)的工具进行编辑。如果您的网站打开一片空白、样式丢失、程序报错很可能是您使用了未能去掉BOM的工具对模板文件或源码文件进行了修改。
现在几乎所有的文本编辑软件都可以显示并编辑UTF-8编码的文件。但是很遗憾,其中很多软件的表现并不理想。
类似WINDOWS自带的记事本等软件,在保存一个以UTF-8编码的文件时,会在文件开始的地方插入三个不可见的字符(0xEF 0xBB 0xBF,即BOM)。它是一串隐藏的字符,用于让记事本等编辑器识别这个文件是否以UTF-8编码。对于一般的文件,这样并不会产生什么麻烦。但对于PHP来说,BOM是个*烦。
PHP并不会忽略BOM,所以在读取、包含或者引用这些文件时,会把BOM作为该文件开头正文的一部分。根据嵌入式语言的特点,这串字符将被直接执行(显示)出来。由此造成即使页面的top padding 设置为0,也无法让整个网页紧贴浏览器顶部,因为在html一开头有这3个字符呢!
最大的麻烦还不是这个。受COOKIE送出机制的限制,在这些文件开头已经有BOM的文件中,COOKIE无法送出(因为在COOKIE送出前PHP已经送出了文件头),所以登入和登出功能失效。一切依赖COOKIE、SESSION实现的功能全部无效。
因此,在编辑、更改任何文本文件时,请务必使用不会乱加BOM的编辑器。Linux下的编辑器应该都没有这个问题。WINDOWS下,请勿使用记事本等编辑器。推荐的编辑器是:Editplus 2.12版本以上;EmEditor;UltraEdit(需要取消'添加BOM'的相关选项);Dreamweaver(需要取消'添加BOM'的相关选项)等。
对于已经添加了BOM的文件,要取消的话,可以用以上编辑器另存一次。(Editplus需要先另存为gb,再另存为UTF-8。)
在Dreamweaver 里可以去掉Unicode 签名(BOM),点菜单栏里的修改-> 页面属性,或直接按Ctrl+J 快捷键。

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