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php5与mysql5 web 开发技术详解-5 正则表达式

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:55 AM
php5 web and Development Technology yes regular expression Detailed explanation

正则表达式(Regular Expression) 是查找和替换字符串模式的简洁和灵活的表示法。

重要性不再赘述,理解起来不算难,但若没有一定的实践,做到灵活应用还是不容易的。

在php中,分为 POSIX和PCRE两种规格的正则表达式。

先简单罗列出主要内容,以后再增加说明和实例。

 

 

一、POSIX (Portable Operating System Implementation for Unix),意为Unix可移植操作系统实现接口。

1、^ 和$ 定位符

2、量词或限定词

      *

      +

      ?

       {n}

       {n,}

       {n,m}

3、方括号表达式

       [aAeEiIoOuU]   所有元音字符的字符簇

       [0-9]   [a-z]

4、预定义字符簇  (内置的通用字符簇,指定字符的处理范围)

      [[:alpha:]]       大小写字母,同[a-zA-Z]

      [[:digit:]]          数字,同[0-9]

      [[:alnum:]]     大小写字母和数字,同[a-zA-Z0-9]

      [[:cntrl:]]         控制字符,包括Tab,退格或反斜线

      [[:space:]]      任何白字符,包括空格、Tab、换行、换页和回车

      ......

      不一一列举

5、正则表达式函数

     ereg(条件,)

     eregi()   不区分大小写

     ereg_replace()  :   ereg()的基础上增加了字符替换功能

     eregi_replace()

     split()  针对字符串中的分隔符对串分割成数组形式

     spliti()

     sql_regcase()

6 、POSIX 子模式

 

二、PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expression)

  1、字符簇

     \\b

     \\d

     \\s

     \\t

     \\w

  2、匹配

     表达式的开始和结束处 使用分隔符 / ,最后一个分隔符/后,可添加修饰符

     I ,M ,S,X,U,DU

     还可以使用各种元字符,类似 POSIX的定位符和字符簇的组合

     \A ,\b,\B,\d,\D,\s,\S,[],(),^,$,. ,\, \w ,\W

  3、函数www.2cto.com

     preg_match()  :  

           例:preg_match('/^[[:alnum]]{4,8}$/', $username)    

     preg_match_all()   

     preg_quote()  : 加转意字符

     preg_split() :

     preg_grep() 

     preg_replace() :替换

     preg_replace_callback()

 

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