PHP数据压缩、加解密(pack, unpack)
网络通信、文件存储中经常需要交换数据，为了减少网络通信流量、文件存储大小以及加密通信规则，经常需要对数据进行双向加解密以保证数据的安全。
PHP中实现此功能主要需要使用的函数主要是pack及unpack函数
pack
压缩资料到位字符串之中。
语法: string pack(string format, mixed [args]...);
返回值: 字符串
本函数用来将资料压缩打包到位的字符串之中。
a - NUL- 字符串填满[padded string] 将字符串空白以 NULL 字符填满
A - SPACE- 字符串填满[padded string]
h – 十六进制字符串，低“四位元”[low nibble first] (低位在前)
H - 十六进制字符串，高“四位元”[high nibble first](高位在前)
c – 带有符号的字符
C – 不带有符号的字符
s – 带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按机器字节顺序）
S – 不带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按机器字节排序）
n -不带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按大endian字节排序）
v -不带有符号的短模式[short]（通常是16位，按小endian字节排序）
i – 带有符号的整数（由大小和字节顺序决定）
I – 不带有符号的整数（由大小和字节顺序决定）
l– 带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按机器字节顺序）
L – 不带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按机器字节顺序）
N – 不带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按大edian字节顺序）
V– 不带有符号的长模式[long]（通常是32位，按小edian字节顺序）
f –浮点（由大小和字节顺序决定）
d – 双精度（由大小和字节顺序决定）
x – 空字节[NUL byte]
X- 后面一个字节[Back up one byte](倒回一位)
unpack
解压缩位字符串资料。
语法: string pack(string format, mixed [args]...);
返回值: 数组
本函数用来将位的字符串的资料解压缩。本函数和 Perl 的同名函数功能用法完全相同。
案例一、pack实现缩减文件数据存储大小
[php]
//存储整数1234567890
file_put_contents("test.txt", 1234567890);
//存储整数1234567890
file_put_contents("test.txt", 1234567890);此时test.txt的文件大小是10byte。注意此时文件大小是10字节，实际占用空间大小是1KB。
上面存储的整数实际是以字符串形式存储于文件test.txt中。
但如果以整数的二进制字符串存jy储，将会缩减至4byte。
[php]
print_r(unpack("i", file_get_contents("test.txt")));
print_r(unpack("i", file_get_contents("test.txt")));
案例二、数据加密
以字符串形式存储一段有意义数据，7-110-abcdefg-117。
字符"-"分割后，第一位表示字符串长度，第二位表示存储位置，第三位表示实际存储的字符串，第四位表示结尾位置。
[php]
file_put_contents("test.txt", "7-110-abcdefg-117");
file_put_contents("test.txt", "7-110-abcdefg-117");
上述方法缺点：
一、数据存储大小
二、数据以明文方式存储，如果是任何敏感信息，都可能造成不安全访问。
三、文件存储大小，以不规则方式递增。
加密：
[php]
file_put_contents("test.txt", pack("i2a7i1", 7, 110, "abcdefg", 117));
file_put_contents("test.txt", pack("i2a7i1", 7, 110, "abcdefg", 117));
存储一段数据，加密格式为：整数2位长度字符串10位长度整数1位长度。
优点：
一、数据大小最优化
二、在不知道"i2a7i1"这样的压缩格式时，即使拿到文件，也无法正确读出二进制文件转化为明文。
三、数据增加时，文件存储大小是等量递增。每次都是以19byte递增。
案例三、key-value型文件存储www.2cto.com
存储生成的文件为两个：索引文件，数据文件
文件中数据存储的格式如下图：
代码实现：
[php]
error_reporting(E_ALL);
class fileCacheException extends Exception{
}
//Key-Value型文件存储
class fileCache{
private $_file_header_size = 14;
private $_file_index_name;
private $_file_data_name;
private $_file_index;//索引文件句柄
private $_file_data;//数据文件句柄
private $_node_struct;//索引结点结构体
private $_inx_node_size = 36;//索引结点大小
public function __construct($file_index="filecache_index.dat", $file_data="filecache_data.dat"){
$this->_node_struct = array(
'next'=>array(1, 'V'),
'prev'=>array(1, 'V'),
'data_offset'=>array(1,'V'),//数据存储起始位置
'data_size'=>array(1,'V'),//数据长度
'ref_count'=>array(1,'V'),//引用此处，模仿PHP的引用计数销毁模式
'key'=>array(16,'H*'),//存储KEY
);
$this->_file_index_name = $file_index;
$this->_file_data_name = $file_data;
if(!file_exists($this->_file_index_name)){
$this->_create_index();
}else{
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "rb+");
}
if(!file_exists($this->_file_data_name)){
$this->_create_data();
}else{
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "rb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
}
}
//创建索引文件
private function _create_index(){
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_index_name);
$this->_index_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, pack("V1", 0));
}
//创建存储文件
private function _create_data(){
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_data_name);
$this->_data_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
}
private function _index_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_index, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_index, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_index, $data);
}
private function _data_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_data, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_data, $data);
}
/**
* 文件锁
* @param $is_block 是否独占、阻塞锁
*/
private function _lock($file_res, $is_block=true){
flock($file_res, $is_block ? LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
}
private function _unlock($file_res){
flock($file_res, LOCK_UN);
}
public function add($key, $value){
$key = md5($key);
$value = serialize($value);
$this->_lock($this->_file_index, true);
$this->_lock($this->_file_data, true);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
list(, $index_count) = unpack('V1', fread($this->_file_index, 4));
$data_size = filesize($this->_file_data_name);
fseek($this->_file_data, $data_size);
$value_size = strlen($value);
$this->_data_puts(filesize($this->_file_data_name), $value);
$node_data =
pack("V1V1V1V1V1H32", ($index_count==0) ? 0 : $index_count*$this->_inx_node_size, 0, filesize($this->_file_data_name), strlen($value), 0, $key);
$index_count++;
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, $index_count, 4);
$this->_index_puts($this->get_new_node_pos($index_count), $node_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_index);
}
public function get_new_node_pos($index_count){
return $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * ($index_count-1);
}
public function get_node($key){
$key = md5($key);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
$index_count = fread($this->_file_index, 4);
if($index_count>0) {
for ($i=0; $i
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * $i);
$data = fread($this->_file_index, $this->_inx_node_size);
$node = unpack("V1next/V1prev/V1data_offset/V1data_size/V1ref_count/H32key", $data);
if($key == $node['key']){
return $node;
}
}
}else{
return null;
}
}
public function get_data($offset, $length){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
return unserialize(fread($this->_file_data, $length));
}
}
//使用方法
$cache = new fileCache();
$cache->add('abcdefg' , 'testabc');
$data = $cache->get_node('abcdefg');
print_r($data);
echo $cache->get_data($data['data_offset'], $data['data_size']);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
class fileCacheException extends Exception{
}
//Key-Value型文件存储
class fileCache{
private $_file_header_size = 14;
private $_file_index_name;
private $_file_data_name;
private $_file_index;//索引文件句柄
private $_file_data;//数据文件句柄
private $_node_struct;//索引结点结构体
private $_inx_node_size = 36;//索引结点大小
public function __construct($file_index="filecache_index.dat", $file_data="filecache_data.dat"){
$this->_node_struct = array(
'next'=>array(1, 'V'),
'prev'=>array(1, 'V'),
'data_offset'=>array(1,'V'),//数据存储起始位置
'data_size'=>array(1,'V'),//数据长度
'ref_count'=>array(1,'V'),//引用此处，模仿PHP的引用计数销毁模式
'key'=>array(16,'H*'),//存储KEY
);
$this->_file_index_name = $file_index;
$this->_file_data_name = $file_data;
if(!file_exists($this->_file_index_name)){
$this->_create_index();
}else{
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "rb+");
}
if(!file_exists($this->_file_data_name)){
$this->_create_data();
}else{
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "rb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
}
}
//创建索引文件
private function _create_index(){
$this->_file_index = fopen($this->_file_index_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_index_name);
$this->_index_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, pack("V1", 0));
}
//创建存储文件
private function _create_data(){
$this->_file_data = fopen($this->_file_data_name, "wb+");//二进制存储需要使用b
if(!$this->_file_index)
throw new fileCacheException("Could't open index file:".$this->_file_data_name);
$this->_data_puts(0, '');//定位文件流至起始位置0, 放置php标记防止下载
}
private function _index_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_index, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_index, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_index, $data);
}
private function _data_puts($offset, $data, $length=false){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
if($length)
fputs($this->_file_data, $data, $length);
else
fputs($this->_file_data, $data);
}
/**
* 文件锁
* @param $is_block 是否独占、阻塞锁
*/
private function _lock($file_res, $is_block=true){
flock($file_res, $is_block ? LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
}
private function _unlock($file_res){
flock($file_res, LOCK_UN);
}
public function add($key, $value){
$key = md5($key);
$value = serialize($value);
$this->_lock($this->_file_index, true);
$this->_lock($this->_file_data, true);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
list(, $index_count) = unpack('V1', fread($this->_file_index, 4));
$data_size = filesize($this->_file_data_name);
fseek($this->_file_data, $data_size);
$value_size = strlen($value);
$this->_data_puts(filesize($this->_file_data_name), $value);
$node_data =
pack("V1V1V1V1V1H32", ($index_count==0) ? 0 : $index_count*$this->_inx_node_size, 0, filesize($this->_file_data_name), strlen($value), 0, $key);
$index_count++;
$this->_index_puts($this->_file_header_size, $index_count, 4);
$this->_index_puts($this->get_new_node_pos($index_count), $node_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_data);
$this->_unlock($this->_file_index);
}
public function get_new_node_pos($index_count){
return $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * ($index_count-1);
}
public function get_node($key){
$key = md5($key);
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size);
$index_count = fread($this->_file_index, 4);
if($index_count>0) {
for ($i=0; $i
fseek($this->_file_index, $this->_file_header_size + 4 + $this->_inx_node_size * $i);
$data = fread($this->_file_index, $this->_inx_node_size);
$node = unpack("V1next/V1prev/V1data_offset/V1data_size/V1ref_count/H32key", $data);
if($key == $node['key']){
return $node;
}
}
}else{
return null;
}
}
public function get_data($offset, $length){
fseek($this->_file_data, $offset);
return unserialize(fread($this->_file_data, $length));
}
}
//使用方法
$cache = new fileCache();
$cache->add('abcdefg' , 'testabc');
$data = $cache->get_node('abcdefg');
print_r($data);
echo $cache->get_data($data['data_offset'], $data['data_size']);
案例四、socket通信加密
通信双方都定义好加密格式:
例如：
[php]
LOGIN = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'HELLO')
);
$LOGOUT = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGOUT'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'GOOD BYE')
);
$LOGIN_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', 1)
);
$LOGOUT_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', time())
);
$LOGIN = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'HELLO')
);
$LOGOUT = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGOUT'),
'DATA'=>array('a30', 'GOOD BYE')
);
$LOGIN_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', 1)
);
$LOGOUT_SUCCESS = array(
'COMMAND'=>array('a30', 'LOGIN_SUCCESS'),
'DATA'=>array('V1', time())
);服务器端与客户端根据解析COMMAND格式，找到对应的DATA解码方式，得到正确的数据
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
1393
52
1207
24
PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian
Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM
PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati
How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development
Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM
Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c
Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs.
Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM
JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,
How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP?
Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM
This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an
PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String
Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM
A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total
Explain late static binding in PHP (static::).
Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM
Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.
What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases?
Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM
What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.
Explain the match expression (PHP 8 ) and how it differs from switch.
Apr 06, 2025 am 12:03 AM
In PHP8, match expressions are a new control structure that returns different results based on the value of the expression. 1) It is similar to a switch statement, but returns a value instead of an execution statement block. 2) The match expression is strictly compared (===), which improves security. 3) It avoids possible break omissions in switch statements and enhances the simplicity and readability of the code.
