第一章 三/3节 PHP的语法与数据类型
第一章 3/3节 PHP的语法与数据类型
1. 语句分两种:结构定义语句和功能执行语句。
1)结构定义语句,(大括弧)。语句后面一定不要加分号:
if()
{
}
while()
{
}
for(;;)
{
}
?>
2)功能执行语句,一定要加上分号:
$a = 1.0;
$b = 1.0;
echo “aaaaaa”;
?>
3) 特殊情况下,离?>标记最近的分号可以不加分号:
echo “aaaaaaa”;
echo “bbbbbbbb”
?>
2. 注释与作用:
1)单行注释
// echo “aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa”;
2)多行注释
/*
echo “bbbbbbbbbbbb”;
*/
3) 文本注释
/**
*/
4) 注释的作用:
a. 写过的程序不用急着删除,先注释掉
b. 调试程序
c. 写帮助文档
3. 变量、常量
php是弱类型语言(相对于java,c++而言),理由如下:
$a=100;
$a=true;
echo $a;
结果是true
1)变量以$符号开头
变量是区分大小写的,其他不区分,如$a=100; $A=200;是两个变量
2)命名规则
不要是数字开头、空格、小数点、系统关键字,如下为错误的表达形式:
$name.age、$var、$4、$.12、 $a b
3)弱类型命名标准,可以赋值任意类型,变量有8种原始类型
$a=后面可以赋任意类型
四种标量类型:
——布尔型
——整型
——浮点型
——字符串
两种复合类型
——数组 $a=array(1,3,4);
——对象 class P{var $name;} $a=new P();
两种特殊类型
——资源 $a=fopen(“test.txt”, “w”); var_dump($a);结果为resource
——null
获取类型函数:
echo getType($a);
var_dump($a);// 可以看到类型与数据
4)常量,前面没有$符。
a. 只适合四种标量数据(boolean、integer、float、string)
b. 值只能在声明时赋值,并不能在运行时改变。
define(“NAME”, “testName”);
echo NAME;
5)变量与常量区别:
a. $符,常量没有,变量有。
b. 常量通过define函数定义,不能通过赋值语句赋值。
c. 常量不用遵循变量范围的规则,可以在任意地方定义和访问。
d. 常量一旦定义,不能重新定义或取消。
e. 常量值只能是标量
6). 检查常量是否存在,用echo defined(“NAME”);输出是1表示常量NAME存在。
if(defined(“NAME”))
{
}else{
}
检查变量是否存在,isset($a);
7)PHP中常见常量
echo __FILE__;// 物理路径
echo __LINE__;// 行号
echo _PHP_VERSION;// 版本号
echo PHP_OS;// 操作系统

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