php class中self,parent,this的差异,以及实例

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Release: 2016-06-13 11:01:23
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php class中self,parent,this的区别,以及实例

我容易混淆public,private,protected,还容易混淆this,self这些东西。前面已经写了一篇关于public,private,protected博文了,下面来说一下this,self,parent的用法

一,this

1,要用this,你必有是一个对像的形势,不然它会报错的,Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context。
2,this可以调用本类中的方法和属性,也可以调用父类中的可以调的方法和属性

二,self

1,self可以访问本类中的静态属性和静态方法,可以访问父类中的静态属性和静态方法。
2,用self时,可以不用实例化的


三,parent

1,parent可以访问父类中的静态属性和静态方法。
2,用parent时,可以不用实例化的

<?phpclass test{ public $public; private $private; protected $protected; static $instance; static $good = 'tankzhang <br>'; public $tank = 'zhangying <br>'; public  function __construct(){ $this->public    = 'public     <br>'; $this->private   = 'private    <br>'; $this->protected = 'protected  <br>'; } public function tank(){                          //私有方法不能继承,换成public,protected if (!isset(self::$instance[get_class()])) { $c = get_class(); self::$instance = new $c; } return self::$instance; }     public function pub_function() { echo "you request public function<br>"; echo $this->public; } protected  function pro_function(){ echo "you request protected function<br>"; echo $this->protected; } private function pri_function(){ echo "you request private function<br>"; echo $this->private; } static function sta_function(){ echo "you request static function<br>"; }}class test1 extends test{ static $love = "tank <br>"; private $aaaaaaa = "ying <br>"; public function __construct(){ parent::tank(); parent::__construct(); } public function tank(){ echo $this->public; echo $this->protected; echo $this->aaaaaaa; $this->pro_function(); } public  function test1_function(){ echo self::$love; echo self::$good; echo parent::$good; echo parent::$tank;   //Fatal error: Access to undeclared static property: test::$tank echo self::$tank;     //Fatal error: Access to undeclared static property: test::$tank } static function extends_function(){ parent::sta_function(); self::pro_function(); echo "you request extends_private function<br>"; }}error_reporting(E_ALL);$test = new test1();$test->tank();            //子类和父类有相同名字的属性和方法,实例化子类时,会调用子类中的方法。test1::test1_function();test1::extends_function();  //执行一部分后,报Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context in D:\xampp\htdocs\mytest\www4.php on line 32?>
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1,当我们调用$test->tank();这个方法时,tank里面的$this是一个对像,这个对像可以调用本类,父类中的方法和属性,

2,test1::test1_function();当我们用静态的方法去调用非静态方法时,会显示警告的,Non-static method test::test1_function() should not be called statically可以看出不,self可以调用本类,父类中的静态属性,parent可以调用父类中的静态属性,二者调用非静态属性会报错。代码中有注释

3,test1::extends_function();这一步会报错,报在非对像中使用$this。为什么会这样呢,test1::extends_function();只是调用了class中的一个方法,并没有实例化,所以根本不存在什么对像,当父类中用到$this时,就会报错

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