Java、.Net、PHP、Ruby优劣势概览
【引自的博客】最近学了一些PHP和Ruby的东西,忽然想把这些东西应用做个比较。
首先,我们把Java .Net PHP应用方面占有率做个比较,简单的把目前主流应用分成两个大类,一个是企业应用,一个是Web网站应用,下面这个表格是我归纳的,不一定准确,但是能说明一个大概。
应用 / 语言 | Java | .Net | PHP |
大型企业应用 | 多 | 少 | 少 |
中型企业应用 | 多 | 中 | 少 |
小型企业应用 | 中 | 中 | 少 |
大型Web应用 | 多 | 少 | 中 |
中型Web应用 | 中 | 中 | 多 |
小型Web应用 | 少 | 中 | 多 |
从表中可以看到,Java和PHP都有各自擅长的领域,但是.Net却没有突出的地方,从占有率来看情况十分尴尬。
我们再来看看技术方面,首先声明,我对其中每种语言技术都不是很熟悉,只能大概分析一下...
先说说Java,在企业级方面,可以说是绝对的老大,许多企业级技术,开发思想都是由Java发展出来的。缺点是Java开发部署比较麻烦 ,不太适合超小型的项目。
再说.Net,在1.x时代,.Net可以说基本上没有多少企业级开发的特性,到了3.0,微软各种框架技术虽然弥补了这些不足,但是相对于Java世界,还是有一定距离。 在Web网站方面,.Net服务器控件的优势,变成了弱势,由于服务器空间产生垃圾代码,并且不方便美工调整,导致在前台界面要求较高的门户站点难以使用(虽然有第三方MVC框架,但是没有IDE支持,体现不出.Net的优势)
再说说PHP,他的定位非常明显,就是Web开发,所以有很多适合Web开发的特性,比如部署十分简单,几个文件随便找个虚拟主机扔上去就能运行。在国内因为Discuz , DedeCMS等著名产品的鼎立推广,PHP在中小型网站开发中有很大的优势.,最近大量的开源框架出现,给PHP企业开发注入了一些生命力,可以说潜力十足。
综合以上我们可以看到,.Net定位不太明确,微软这个想吃那个也想吃,最后没一个能吃饱吃好..
最后还想说一下Ruby,其实应该说ROR,大家喜欢的应该是ROR的特性,二Ruby是个怪怪的东西,如果没有ROR框架,我想他也很难出名。因为ROR本身构架不是很复杂,众多PHP框架可以说都是模仿他的思想来的,而且也学得7 8成功力了,个人认为ROR很难再做大起来,可能是个昙花一现的东西,只是思想新潮大家都来赶时髦学两下,学到了,大家又都觉得其实也就那样,其他语言也能做到。

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