PHP中单例模式跟工厂模式学习总结
PHP中单例模式和工厂模式学习总结
<?php ////////////////////////////////////////////// //单例模式 /** * 数据库连接职责的集中控制 * 声明一个单例类 */ class Database { private $_db; //声明一个私有的实例变量(构造对象时这个变量的值会被填充) static $_instance //声明一个静态变量(保存类中仅有的一个实例) //声明私有构造方法为了防止外部代码使用new操作符来创建对象 private function _construct(){ $this->_db = pg_connect('dbname = example_db'); } //声明私有_clone方法为了消除php语言中可以复制对象从而破坏单一职责的一个漏洞 private _clone(){}; /** * 声明getInstance()静态方法(单例模式实际构造);这个方法会检测静态实例变量是否已保存这个类的一个实例。 * 假如它没有包含自身的一个实例,那么类会初始化并且保存到$_instance变量中. * 下次访问这段代码时,$_instance 变量会保存类的一个实例,并且这个实例不会再次初始化。最后,这个方法返回实例的引用 */ public static function getInstance(){ if( !(self::$_instance instanceof self) ){ self::$_instance = new self(); } return self::$_instance; } public function query($sql){ return pg_query($this->_db, $sql);//使用$this->_db执行一个查询 } } /** * 对单例类的使用 */ $db = Database::getInstance(); $db->query('select * from example_table'); /** * 使用不能被实例化的纯静态类 */ class SomeClass { //防止类被当作实例使用 private function _construct(){} public static function SomeMethod(){ //执行一些操作 } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //工厂模式:包含了一个专门用来创建其他对象的方法的类。 /** * 创建一个基本的工厂类 */ class MyObject { //对象将从工厂返回 } class MyFactory { public static function factory(){ //返回对象一个新实例 return new MyObject(); } } //调用方法 $instance = MyFactory::factory();////////////////////////////////////////// //图片对象工厂 /** * 使用工厂类解析图片文件 */ interface IImage { function getHeight(); function getWidth(); function getData(); } class Iamge_PNG implements IImage { private $_width, $_height, $_data; public function _construct($file){ $this->_file = $_file; $this->_parse(); } private function _parse(){ //完成格式化解析工作 //并填充$_width, $_height, $_data } public function getWidth(){ return $this->$_width; } public function getHeight(){ return $this->$_height; } public function getData(){ return $this->$_data; } } class Iamge_JPEG implements IImage { private $_width, $_height, $_data; public function _construct($file){ $this->_file = $_file; $this->_parse(); } private function _parse(){ //完成格式化解析工作 //并填充$_width, $_height, $_data } public function getWidth(){ return $this->$_width; } public function getHeight(){ return $this->$_height; } public function getData(){ return $this->$_data; } } class ImageFactory { public static function factory($file){ $pathParts = pathInfo($file); switch (strtolower($pathParts['extension'])) { case 'jpg' : $ret = new Image_JPEG($file); break; case 'png' : $ret = new Image_PNG($file); break; case 'gif' : $ret = new Image_GIF($file); break; default; // PROBLEM } if($ret instanceof IImage){ return $ret; }else{ //problem } } } // $image = ImageFactory::factory('/path/to/my.jpg'); //$image现在是Image_JPEG类的一个实例 echo $image->getWidth(); /** * 可移植的数据库 × 使用工厂类解决数据库可移植问题。 */ interface IDatabaseBindings { public function userExists($email); } class PGSQL implements IDatabaseBindings { protected $_connection; public function _construct() { $this->$_connection = pg_connect('dbname = example_db'); } public function userExists($email) { $emailEscaped = pg_escape_string($email); $query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'.$emailEscaped.'"'; if ($result = pg_query($query, $this->$_connection)) { return (pg_num_row($result > 0)) ? true : false; }else{ return false; } } } class MYSQL implements IDatabaseBindings() { protected $_connection; public function _construct() { $this->$connection = mysql_connect('localhost'); mysql_select_db('example_db', $this->$_connection ); } public function userExists($email) { $emailEscaped = mysql_real_escape_string($email); $query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'. $emailEscaped .'"'; if ($result = mysql_query($query, $this->$_connection)) { return (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0 ) ? true : false; }else{ return false; } } } class DatabaseFactory { public static function factory() { $type = loadtypefromconfigfile(); switch ($type){ case 'PGSQL': return new PGSQL(); break; case 'MYSQL': return new MYSQL(); break; } } } //用法 $db = DatabaseFactory::factory(); $db->userExists([email protected]');?>

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