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初探PHP魔术函数(1)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:01 AM
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Php5.0发布以来为我们提供了很多面向对象的特性,尤其是为我们提供了好多易用的魔术方法,这些魔术方法可以让我们简化我们的编码,更好的设计我们的系统。今天我们就来认识下php5.0给我们提供的魔术方法。

1.__construct() 当实例化一个对象的时候,这个对象的这个方法首先被调用。

class Test {  function __construct()  {   echo "before";  } } $t = new Test();
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输出是:

start
我们知道php5对象模型 和类名相同的函数是类的构造函数,那么如果我们同时定义构造函数和__construct()方法的话,php5会默认调用构造函数而不会调用__construct()函数,所以__construct()作为类的默认的构造函数

2.__destruct() 当删除一个对象或对象操作终止的时候,调用该方法。

class Test {  function __destruct()  {   echo "end";  } } $t = new Test();将会输出end
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我们就可以在对象操作结束的时候进行释放资源之类的操作

3.__get() 当试图读取一个并不存在的属性的时候被调用。

如果试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候,PHP就会给出错误信息。如果在类里添加__get方法,并且我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。

class Test {  public function __get($key)  {   echo $key . " 不存在";  } } $t = new Test(); echo $t->name; 就会输出:name 不存在
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4.__set() 当试图向一个并不存在的属性写入值的时候被调用。

class Test {  public function __set($key,$value)  {   echo '对'.$key . "附值".$value;  } } $t = new Test(); $t->name = "aninggo"; 就会输出:对 name 附值 aninggo
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5.__call() 当试图调用一个对象并不存在的方法时,调用该方法。

class Test {  public function __call($Key, $Args)  {   echo "您要调用的 {$Key} 方法不存在。你传入的参数是:" . print_r($Args, true);  } } $t = new Test(); $t->getName(aning,go);
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程序将会输出:
您要调用的 getName 方法不存在。参数是:Array
(
[0] => aning
[1] => go
)

6.__toString() 当打印一个对象的时候被调用

这个方法类似于java的toString方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数

class Test {  public function __toString()  {   return "打印 Test";  } } $t = new Test(); echo $t; 
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运行echo $t;的时候,就会调用$t->__toString();从而输出
打印 Test

7.__clone() 当对象被克隆时,被调用

class Test {  public function __clone()  {   echo "我被复制了!";  } }$t = new Test(); $t1 = clone $t;程序输出:我被克隆了!
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