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PHP基础之字符串(1)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:01 AM
php string one Same and exist Base character string byte yes

字符串

String 是一系列字符。在 PHP 中,字符和字节一样,也就是说,一共有 256 种不同字符的可能性。这也暗示 PHP 对 Unicode 没有本地支持。请参阅函数 utf8_encode() 和 utf8_decode() 以了解有关 Unicode 支持。

注: 一个字符串变得非常巨大也没有问题,PHP 没有给字符串的大小强加实现范围,所以完全没有理由担心长字符串。

语法

字符串可以用三种字面上的方法定义。

单引号

双引号

定界符

单引号

指定一个简单字符串的最简单的方法是用单引号(字符 ')括起来。

要表示一个单引号,需要用反斜线()转义,和很多其它语言一样。如果在单引号之前或字符串结尾需要出现一个反斜线,需要用两个反斜线表示。注意如果你试图转义任何其它字符,反斜线本身也会被显示出来!所以通常不需要转义反斜线本身。

注: 在 PHP 3 中,此情况下将发出一个 E_NOTICE 级的警告。

注: 和其他两种语法不同,单引号字符串中出现的变量和转义序列不会被变量的值替代。

<?phpecho 'this is a simple string';echo 'You can also have embedded newlines instrings this way as it isokay to do';// Outputs: Arnold once said: "I'll be back"echo 'Arnold once said: "I'll be back"';// Outputs: You deleted C:*.*?echo 'You deleted C:\*.*?';// Outputs: You deleted C:*.*?echo 'You deleted C:*.*?';// Outputs: This will not expand: n a newlineecho 'This will not expand: n a newline';// Outputs: Variables do not $expand $eitherecho 'Variables do not $expand $either';?>
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双引号

如果用双引号(")括起字符串,PHP 懂得更多特殊字符的转义序列:

表格 11-1. 转义字符

序列 含义

n 换行(LF 或 ASCII 字符 0x0A(10))

r 回车(CR 或 ASCII 字符 0x0D(13))

t 水平制表符(HT 或 ASCII 字符 0x09(9))

\ 反斜线

$ 美元符号

" 双引号

[0-7]{1,3} 此正则表达式序列匹配一个用八进制符号表示的字符 
x[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2} 此正则表达式序列匹配一个用十六进制符号表示的字符 

此外,如果试图转义任何其它字符,反斜线本身也会被显示出来!

双引号字符串最重要的一点是其中的变量名会被变量值替代。细节参见字符串解析。

定界符

另一种给字符串定界的方法使用定界符语法(“

结束标识符必须从行的第一列开始。同样,标识符也必须遵循 PHP 中其它任何标签的命名规则:只能包含字母数字下划线,而且必须以下划线或非数字字符开始。

警告
 
很重要的一点必须指出,结束标识符所在的行不能包含任何其它字符,可能除了一个分号(;)之外。这尤其意味着该标识符不能被缩进,而且在分号之前和之后都不能有任何空格或制表符。同样重要的是要意识到在结束标识符之前的第一个字符必须是你的操作系统中定义的换行符。例如在 Macintosh 系统中是 r。

如果破坏了这条规则使得结束标识符不“干净”,则它不会被视为结束标识符,PHP 将继续寻找下去。如果在这种情况下找不到合适的结束标识符,将会导致一个在脚本最后一行出现的语法错误。

定界符文本表现的就和双引号字符串一样,只是没有双引号。这意味着在定界符文本中不需要转义引号,不过仍然可以用以上列出来的转义代码。变量会被展开,但当在定界符文本中表达复杂变量时和字符串一样同样也要注意。

例子 11-2. 定界符字符串例:

<?php $str = <<<EODExample of stringspanning multiple linesusing heredoc syntax.EOD;/* More complex example, with variables. */class foo{   var $foo;   var $bar;   function foo()   {       $this->foo = 'Foo';       $this->bar = array('Bar1', 'Bar2', 'Bar3');   }}$foo = new foo();$name = 'MyName';echo foo.Now, I am printing some {$foo->bar[1]}.This should print a capital 'A': x41EOT;?>
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注: 定界符支持是 PHP 4 中加入的。

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