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分析几种PHP获取客户端IP的景况

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:01 AM
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分析几种PHP获取客户端IP的情况
  PHP获取客户端IP的情况分为:没有使用代理服务器的情况、使用透明代理服务器的情况、使用普通匿名代理服务器的情况、使用欺骗性代理服务器的情况、使用高匿名代理服务器的情况。

  在这篇文章中,我们将会为大家详细介绍PHP获取客户端IP的几种情况分析。我们在使用PHP获取的IP可能是客户端真实的IP,也可能是代理服务器的IP,也有可能根本取不到任何IP值。

  在PHP获取客户端IP中常使用 $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] 。但如果客户端是使用代理服务器来访问,那取到的是代理服务器的 IP 地址,而不是真正的客户端 IP 地址。要想透过代理服务器取得客户端的真实 IP 地址,就要使用 $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] 来读取。

  但只有客户端使用“透明代理”的情况下,$_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] 的值才是客户端真正的IP(如果是多层代理,该值可能是由客户端真正IP和多个代理服务器的IP组成,由逗号“,”分隔),而在“匿名代理”、“欺骗性代理”的情况下是代理服务器的IP值(如果是多层代理,该值可能由多个代理服务器的IP组成,由逗号“,”分隔),在“高匿名代理”的情况下是空值。

  关于HTTP头信息中的REMOTE_ADDR、HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR值,我们在下文中有详细的介绍,假设客户端真实IP是221.5.252.160:

  一、没有使用代理服务器的PHP获取客户端IP情况:

  REMOTE_ADDR = 客户端IP

  HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 没数值或不显示

  二、使用透明代理服务器的情况:Transparent Proxies

  REMOTE_ADDR = 最后一个代理服务器 IP

  HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 客户端真实 IP (经过多个代理服务器时,这个值类似:221.5.252.160, 203.98.182.163, 203.129.72.215)

  这类代理服务器还是将客户端真实的IP发送给了访问对象,无法达到隐藏真实身份的目的。

  三、使用普通匿名代理服务器的PHP获取客户端IP情况:Anonymous Proxies

  REMOTE_ADDR = 最后一个代理服务器 IP

  HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 代理服务器 IP (经过多个代理服务器时,这个值类似:203.98.182.163, 203.98.182.163, 203.129.72.215)

  这种情况下隐藏了客户端的真实IP,但是向访问对象透露了客户端是使用代理服务器访问它们的。

  四、使用欺骗性代理服务器的情况:Distorting Proxies

  REMOTE_ADDR = 代理服务器 IP

  HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 随机的 IP(经过多个代理服务器时,这个值类似:220.4.251.159, 203.98.182.163, 203.129.72.215)

  这种情况下同样透露了客户端是使用了代理服务器,但编造了一个虚假的随机IP(220.4.251.159)代替客户端的真实IP来欺骗它。

  五、使用高匿名代理服务器的PHP获取客户端IP情况:High Anonymity Proxies (Elite proxies)

  REMOTE_ADDR = 代理服务器 IP

  HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 没数值或不显示

  无论是REMOTE_ADDR还是HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR,这些头消息未必能够取得到,因为不同的浏览器不同的网络设备可能发送不同的IP头消息。因此PHP使用$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] 、$_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] 获取的值可能是空值也可能是“unknown”值。

  因此,使用PHP获取客户端IP的代码可以如下:

function getip() {     $unknown = 'unknown';   if ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] && strcasecmp($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], $unknown) ) {       $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];   } elseif ( isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] && strcasecmp($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $unknown)){       $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];   }   /*   处理多层代理的情况   或者使用正则方式:$ip = preg_match("/[\d\.]{7,15}/", $ip, $matches) ? $matches[0] : $unknown;   */   if (false !== strpos($ip, ','))      $ip = reset(explode(',', $ip));      return $ip; }   function getip() {   $unknown = 'unknown';   if ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] && strcasecmp($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], $unknown) ) {   $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];   } elseif ( isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] && strcasecmp($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $unknown) ) {   $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];   }   /*   处理多层代理的情况   或者使用正则方式:$ip = preg_match("/[\d\.]{7,15}/", $ip, $matches) ? $matches[0] : $unknown;   */   if (false !== strpos($ip, ','))   $ip = reset(explode(',', $ip));   return $ip; }
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  PHP获取客户端IP时另外一点需注意,使用函数getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')或getenv('REMOTE_ADDR') 也可以如上代码一样取得同样的效果。但getenv()不支持在IIS的isapi方式下运行的PHP。

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