Home php教程 php手册 PHP函数preg_match_all正则表达式的简单应用

PHP函数preg_match_all正则表达式的简单应用

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:03 AM
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了解正则表达式之前,需要掌握一些常用的正则表达式的基础知识,这些如果能记住最好记住,记不住需要用的时候能查到就行,就几个特殊字符,所以说正则表达式玩的就是特殊,具体大家可以查看更加详细的说明。

preg_match_all函数具体说明大家可以查看PHP手册,本文使用preg_match_all用于测试正则表达的效果。

实例代码

$html = '<div id="biuuu">php100</div><div id="biuuu_2">php1002</div><div id="biuuu_3">php1003</div>';
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实例要求:分别将每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出,如biuuu,biuuu_2,biuuu_3,php100,php1002和php1003(一些常用的抓站方法就是这样匹配的)

分析:字符串是一个简单的HTML元素,每一个DIV元素对应该一个ID和内容,并且是独立的,首先考虑如何取出一个DIV内的ID值和内容,如:php100,然后匹配其它类似的元素。一个DIV中需要取出两个值,也就是两个匹配的表达式,第一个表达式用于匹配ID值(biuuu),第二个表达式用于匹配ID的内容(php100),正则表达式常用的表达式使用小括号,那么前面的元素将会变成如下形式:

<div id="(biuuu)">(php100)</div> <div id="(表达式1)">(表达式2)</div>
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好,使用如上小括号把需要匹配的区域进行了划分,接下来就是如何匹配各个表达式内的内容,我们猜想一个ID可能是字母,数字或下划线,那这就变得简单了,使用中括号就可以实现,如下:

表达式1:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+ (表示匹配大小写字母,数字和下划线)

那如何匹配表达式2,因为ID的内容可以是任意的字符,但是要注意,不能匹配字符,因为如果匹配这两个字符将会把后面使用的DIV都匹配出来,因此需要排除这两个字符开始的元素,也就是不匹配以字符,如下:

表达式2:[^]+ (表示不匹配字符)

这样,需要匹配的子表达式就实现了,但是还要需要匹配一个

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