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关于PHP构造函数使用方法揭秘

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:04 AM
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PHP经过长时间的发展,很多用户都很了解PHP了,这里我发表一下个人理解,和大家讨论讨论。大多数类都有一种称为构造函数的特殊方法。当创建一个对象时,它将自动调用PHP构造函数,也就是使用new这个关键字来实例化对象的时候自动调用构造方法。

PHP构造函数的声明与其它操作的声明一样,只是其名称必须是__construct( )。这是PHP5中的变化,以前的版本中,构造函数的名称必须与类名相同,这种在PHP5中仍然可以用,但现在以经很少有人用了,这样做的好处是可以使构造函数独立于类名,当类名发生改变时不需要改相应的构造函数名称了。为了向下兼容,如果一个类中没有名为__construct( )的方法,PHP将搜索一个php4中的写法,与类名相同名的构造方法。格式:function __construct ( [参数] ) { … … }在一个类中只能声明一个构造方法,而是只有在每次创建对象的时候都会去调用一次构造方法,不能主动的调用这个方法,所以通常用它执行一些有用的初始化任务。比如对成属性在创建对象的时候赋初值。
<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>//创建一个人类  </span></span></li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>0class Person   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>0{   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//下面是人的成员属性   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>var $name;       //人的名子   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>var $sex;        //人的性别   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>var $age;        //人的年龄   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//定义一个构造方法参数为姓名$name、性别$sex和年龄$age   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>function __construct($name, $sex, $age)   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>{   </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>//通过构造方法传进来的$name给成员属性$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>name赋初使值   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">name</font></span><span>=$name;   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>//通过构造方法传进来的$sex给成员属性$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>sex赋初使值   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">sex</font></span><span>=$sex;   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>//通过构造方法传进来的$age给成员属性$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>age赋初使值   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">age</font></span><span>=$age;   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//这个人的说话方法   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>function say()   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>{  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>echo "我的名子叫:".$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>name." 性别:".$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>sex." 我的年龄是:".$this-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>age."</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>";   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//通过构造方法创建3个对象$p1、p2、$p3,分别传入三个不同的实参为姓名、性别和年龄  </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">p1</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">new</font></span><span> Person("张三","男", 20);   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">p2</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">new</font></span><span> Person("李四","女", 30);   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">p3</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">new</font></span><span> Person("王五","男", 40);   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>//下面访问$p1对象中的说话方法   </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$p1-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>say();   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>//下面访问$p2对象中的说话方法   </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$p2-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>say();   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>//下面访问$p3对象中的说话方法   </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$p3-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>say();   </span>
</li>
</ol>
Copy after login



输出结果为:
我的名子叫:张三性别:男我的年龄是:20
我的名子叫:李四性别:女我的年龄是:30
我的名子叫:王五性别:男我的年龄是:40


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