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深入理解PHP字符串函数

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:05 AM
php function Base string us operate yes go deep understand Know language

我们大家知道无论哪种语言,字符串操作都是一个重要的基础,往往是简单而重要。正像人说话一样,一般有形体(图形界面),有语言(print 字符串?),显然字符串能解释更多的东西。PHP提供了大量的字符串操作函数,功能强大,使用也比较简单, 以下将简单的讲述PHP字符串函数的功能和特性。

PHP字符串函数弱类型

PHP是弱类型语言,所以其它类型的数据一般可以直接应用于字符串操作函数里,而自动转换成字符串类型,进行处理,如:echo substr("1234567", 1, 3);和echo substr(123456,1, 3);是一样的定义一般用双引号或单引号标识一个字符串。比如

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">str</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"i love u"</font></span><span>;  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">str</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">'i love u'</font></span><span>; </span>
</li>
</ol>
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它者两者是有一些区别的。后者将一切单引号的内容都会当作字符处理;前者则不然。比如

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">test</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"iwind"</font></span><span>;  </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">str</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"i love $test"</font></span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">str1</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">'i love $test'</font></span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>echo $str; //将得到 i love iwind  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>echo $str1; //将得到 i love $test </span></li>
</ol>
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同样的以下两个例子的行为也不一样的:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>echo "i love test"; // 将得到 i love est,已经将t视为转义  </span></span></li>
<li class=""><span>echo 'i love test'; // 将得到 i love test </span></li>
</ol>
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从而可以简单认为双引号里的内容是经过“解释”过的,单引号的是“所见即所得”的(特殊地,''会被认作一个'')。显而易见,双引号形式的更为灵活一些,当然单引号会适用于一些特殊的场合,这里就不作阐述了。输出PHP里的输出最常用的是echo,print.两者都不是真正的函数,而是语言构造,所以调用时不必用双括号(比如echo("test");print("test")).在输出的时候两者都可以实现赋值:echo $str="test";一方面输出test,一方面把"test"赋给字符串变量 $strprint $str="test";两者除了名字不一样外,还是有其它区别的。print具有返回值,一直返回1,而echo没有,所以echo比print要快一些:
<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">return</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">print</font></span><span> "test";  </span></span></li>
<li class=""><span>echo $return; // 输出1 </span></li>
</ol>
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也正因为这个原因,print能应用于复合语句中,而echo不能:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>isset($str) or print "str 变量未定义"; // 将输出"str 变量未定义"  </span></span></li>
<li class=""><span>isset($str) or echo "str 变量未定义";// 将提示分析错误  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>echo一次可输出多个字符串,而print则不可以:  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>echo "i ","love ","iwind"; // 将输出 "i love iwind"  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>print "i ","love ","iwind"; // 将提示错误  </span></li>
<li class=""><span>echo,print还可以输出被称作“文档句法”的字符串,句法如:  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>echo </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag"><span class="tag"></span></span></span></font></strong><span> 标签名称 </span>
</li>
</ol>
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PHP字符串函数内容标签名称;比如

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>echo </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag"><span class="tag"></span></span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="tag-name"><strong><font color="#006699">test</font></strong></span><span> </span></span></li>
<li class=""><span>i love iwind  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>test; </span></li>
</ol>
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要注意的是语句开始和结束的两个标签名称是一样的,且后一个标签名称前不能有空白,即要顶格写。文档句法输出的内容识别变量名称和常用符号,大致形同双引号的作用。输出echo,print外,PHP还提供了一些格式化字符串的函数,比如printf,sprintf,vprintf,vsprintf,在这里不作详解。


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