剖析使用PHP shell脚本
PHP经过长时间的发展,很多用户都很了解PHP了,这里我发表一下个人理解,和大家讨论讨论。大多数情况下,我使用 exec() 命令和数据数组处理所有东西。或者对更简单的命令使用 shell_exec(),尤其是不关心结果时。如果仅需返回一个 PHP shell脚本,我就使用 passthru()。通常,我在不同的场合中使用不同的函数,并且有时它们是可以互换的。
例如,一位用户在您的应用程序中有适当的权限(比如管理员权限),他想将 50 个 PDF 文件从一个服务器发送到另一个服务器。那么,该用户需要在应用程序中导航到正确的位置,单击 Transfer,选择需要发送的 PDF,然后单击 Submit。在这个过程中,该表单应该有一个 PHP 脚本,它使用返回选项变量通过 passthru() 运行 rsync 脚本,这样您就知道是否发生问题,如下所示。
清单 1. 通过 passthru() 运行 rsync 脚本的示例 PHP 脚本
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span><span> </span></span></li> <li class=""><span>passthru('xfer_rsync.sh',$returnvalue); </span></li> <li class="alt"><span> </span></li> <li class=""><span>if ($returnvalue != 0){ </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>//we have a problem! </span></li> <li class=""><span>//add error code here </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>}else{ </span></li> <li class=""><span>//we are okay </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>//redirect to some other page </span></li> <li class=""><span>} </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span></span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span> </li> </ol>
如果您的应用程序需要列出进程或文件,或关于这些进程或文件的数据,您可以使用本文总结的命令之一轻松实现这个目的。例如,一个简单的 grep 命令能够帮助您找到匹配特定搜索条件的文件。将它与 exec() 命令一起使用可以将结果保存到一个数组中,这允许您构建一个 HTML 表或表单,它们又进一步允许您运行其他命令。
到目前为止,我讨论了用户生成的事件 —— 用户只要按下按钮或单击链接,PHP 就运行相应的脚本。您还可以将独立的 PHP 脚本和 cron 或其他日程安排程序一起使用,从而实现一些有趣的效果。例如,如果您一个备份脚本,您可以通过 cron 运行它,或者将它打包到 PHP 脚本后在运行。为什么要这样做?这似乎是多余的,不是吗?不是这样的 —— 您需要这样考虑,您可以通过 exec() 或 passthru() 运行备份脚本,然后根据返回代码执行一些行为。如果出现错误,您可以将其记录到错误日志或数据库中,或发送一封警告电子邮件。如果脚本成功,您可以将原始的输出转储到数据库(例如,rsync 有一个详尽(verbose)模式,对随后诊断问题十分有用)。
安全
我们在这里简要讨论一下安全性:如果您接受用户输入并将信息传递到 shell,那么最好过滤用户输入。删除您认为有害的命令和不允许的内容,比如 sudo(作为超级用户运行)或 rm(删除)。事实上,您可能不希望用户发送开放的请求,而是让他们从列表中选择。
例如,您运行一个接受文件列表作为参数的传输程序,您应该通过一系列复选框列出所有文件。用户可以选择和取消选择文件,并通过单击 Submit 激活 rsync shell 脚本。用户不能自己输入文件或使用正则表达式。

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