PHP函数preg_match_all的具体使用方法我们可以在PHP函数preg_match_all实例要求:分别将每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出,如biuuu,biuuu_2,biuuu_3,php自学网,php自学网2和php自学网3(一些常用的抓站方法就是这样匹配的)
分析:字符串是一个简单的HTML元素,每一个DIV元素对应该一个ID和内容,并且是独立的,首先考虑如何取出一个DIV内的ID值和内容, 如:php自学网,然后匹配其它类似的元素。一个DIV中需要取出两个值,也就是两个匹配的表达式,第一个表达式用于匹配ID值(biuuu),第二个表 达式用于匹配ID的内容(php自学网),正则表达式常用的表达式使用小括号,那么前面的元素将会变成如下形式:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"(biuuu)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span>(php自学网)</span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"(表达式1)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span>(表达式2)</span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></span></li> </ol>
好,使用如上小括号把需要匹配的区域进行了划分,接下来就是如何匹配各个表达式内的内容,我们猜想一个ID可能是字母,数字或下划线,那这就变得简单了,使用中括号就可以实现,如下:
表达式1:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+ (表示匹配大小写字母,数字和下划线)
那如何匹配表达式2,因为ID的内容可以是任意的字符,但是要注意,不能匹配字符,因为如果匹配这两个字符将会把后面使用的DIV都匹配出来,因此需要排除这两个字符开始的元素,也就是不匹配以字符,如下:
表达式2:[^]+ (表示不匹配字符)
这样,PHP函数preg_match_all需要匹配的子表达式就实现了,但是还要需要匹配一个的表达式,方法如下:
表达式:/ '"(表达式1)"'>(表达式2)/
注意其中的双引号"和/需要使用转义字符转义,然后把前面两个表达式放进去,如下:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"> <span><span>'"([a-z0-9_]+)"'</span><span class="tag">></span></span><span><span>/</span></span> </li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"([a-z0-9_]+)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span>([^</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag">></span><span>]+)</span></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>/ </span></span></span></li> </ol>
这样就实现一个匹配每一个DIV元素ID值和内容的正则表达式,然后使用preg_match_all函数测试如下:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>$</span><span class="attribute">html</span><span> = </span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">'</span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">php自学网</span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">php自学网2</span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">php自学网3</span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">'</span><span>; </span></span></li> <li><span>preg_match_all('/</span></li> <li><span class="tag"><span class="attribute">divsid</span><span class="tag-name">divsid</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"([a-z0-9_]+)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></li> <li> <span>([^</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag">></span><span>]+)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>/'</span><span>,$html,$result); </span></span></li> <li class="alt"><span>var_dump($result); </span></li> </ol>
PHP函数preg_match_all示例结果:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>array(3) { </span></span></li> <li> <span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> array(3) </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>{ </span></li> <li> <span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(30) "<br></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"biuuu"</span><span class="tag">></span><span>php自学网</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>" </span></span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(33) "<br></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"biuuu_2"</span><span class="tag">></span><span>php自学网2</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>" </span></span> </li> <li> <span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(33) "<br></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"biuuu_3"</span><span class="tag">></span><span>php自学网3</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>" </span></span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>} </span></li> <li> <span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> array(3) </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>{ </span></li> <li> <span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(5) "biuuu" </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(7) "biuuu_2" </span> </li> <li> <span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(7) "biuuu_3" </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>} </span></li> <li> <span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> array(3) </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>{ </span></li> <li> <span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(8) "php自学网" </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(9) "php自学网2" </span> </li> <li> <span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(9) "php自学网3" </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>} </span></li> <li><span>} </span></li> </ol>
共有三个表达式,分别显示每一个表达式匹配的值,并以数组的形式存储,这样就把每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出。使用正则表达式最主要还是要知道需要什么,然后跟椐需要进行匹配,并且思路清晰,并适当的借助PHP函数preg_match_all进行输出调试,非常方便。