PHP函数crypt()的功能介绍
我们知道在中有实现数据加密的功能,我们今天将为大家介绍的是其中一个可以实现数据加密功能的函数——PHP函数crypt()。 作为PHP函数crypt()的一个例子,考虑这样一种情况,你希望创建一段PHP脚本程序限 制对一个目录的访问,只允许能够提供正确的用户名和口令的用户访问这一目录。
我将把资料存储在我喜欢的数据库MySQL的一个表中。下面我 们以创建这个被称作members的表开始我们的例子:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>mysql</span><span class="tag">></span><span>CREATE TABLE members ( </span></span></li> <li> <span>-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>username CHAR(14) NOT NULL, </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>password CHAR(32) NOT NULL, </span> </li> <li> <span>-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>PRIMARY KEY(username) </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>); </span> </li> </ol>
然后,我们假定下面的数据已经存储在该表中:
用户名 密码
clark keloD1C377lKE
bruce ba1T7vnz9AWgk
peter paLUvRWsRLZ4U
PHP函数crypt()中的这些加密的口令对应的明码分别是kent、banner和parker。注意一下每个口令的前二个字母, 这是因为我使用了下面的代码,根据口令的前二个字母创建干扰串的:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>$enteredPassword. </span></span></li> <li> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">salt</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">substr</span><span>($enteredPassword, 0, 2); </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">userPswd</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">crypt</span><span>($enteredPassword, $salt); </span> </li> <li><span>// $userPswd然后就和用户名一起存储在MySQL 中 </span></li> </ol>
我将使用Apache的口令-应答认证配置提示用户输入用户名和口令,一个鲜为人知的有关PHP的信息是,它可以把Apache 的口令-应答系统输入的用户名和口令识别为$PHP_AUTH_USER和$PHP_AUTH_PW,我将在身份验证脚本中用到这二个变量。花一些时间仔细阅读下 面的脚本,多注意一下其中的解释,以便更好地理解下面的代码:
PHP函数crypt()和Apache的口令-应答验证系统的应用
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span> ?php </span></span></span></li> <li> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">host</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">"localhost"</span><span>; </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">user</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">"zorro"</span><span>; </span> </li> <li> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">pswd</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">"hell odolly"</span><span>; </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">db</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">"users"</span><span>; </span> </li> <li><span>// Set authorization to False </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">authorization</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">0</span><span>; </span> </li> <li><span>// Verify that user has entered<br> username and password </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>if (isset($PHP_AUTH_USER) && <br>isset($PHP_AUTH_PW)) : </span></li> <li><span>mysql_pconnect($host, $user, <br>$pswd) or die("Can't connect to MySQL </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>server!"); </span></li> <li><span>mysql_select_db($db) or die<br>("Can't select database!"); </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>// Perform the encryption </span></li> <li> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">salt</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">substr</span><span>($PHP_AUTH_PW, 0, 2); </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">encrypted_pswd</span><span> = crypt($PHP_AUTH_PW, $salt); </span> </li> <li><span>// Build the query </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">query</span><span> = "SELECT username FROM members WHERE </span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute">username</span><span> = '$PHP_AUTH_USER' AND </span> </li> <li class="alt"> <span class="attribute">password</span><span> = '$encrypted_pswd'"; </span> </li> <li><span>// Execute the query </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>if (mysql_numrows(mysql_query($query)) == 1) : </span></li> <li> <span>$</span><span class="attribute">authorization</span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value">1</span><span>; </span> </li> <li class="alt"><span>endif; </span></li> <li><span>endif; </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>// confirm authorization </span></li> <li><span>if (! $authorization) : </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>header('WWW-Authenticate: <br>Basic </span><span class="attribute">realm</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"Private"</span><span>'); </span> </li> <li><span>header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized'); </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>print "You are unauthorized <br>to enter this area."; </span></li> <li><span>exit; </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>else : </span></li> <li><span>print "This is the secret data!"; </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>endif; </span></li> <li> <span class="tag">?></span><span> </span> </li> </ol>
上面就是一个核实用户访问权限的简单身份验证系统。在使用PHP函数crypt()保护重要的机密资料时,记住在缺省状态下使用的PHP函数crypt()并不是最安全的,只能用在对安全性要求较低的系统中,如果需要较高的安全性能,就需要我在本篇文章的后面介绍的算法。

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