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深入探讨PHP类的继承

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-13 11:10:23
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这就像人类生儿育女一样(为什么一定要生儿育女呢,难道就是为了防老!不得而知呀),你把自己的一些基因和你老婆的基因各拿出来一些,再生成一个新的个体,这个新的个性一定会包含你们两个人身上的特征,这就是生物上关于遗传(继承)的一个解说。在编程的世界是这个遗传就是继承!

首先在了解了继承的一些活生生的原理后,我想再来看PHP类的继承是不是不再那么神秘。或许它本来就不神秘,是因为我们自己太复杂了吧。要有继承就得有一个“根源”,这“根源”你可能想像你以后生了儿子或者女儿,他们会从你这里得到一些“东西(属性和方法)”,这样你的“后代”就是持有你的(根源)所有一些特征了。下面通过语法来描述一下这个在PHP的面向对象中是怎么表达吧(不可能像人类那么直接啦,结婚,过段时间你的后代就产生了)

1.产生“根源”类(父类或者基类)

语法:class father{

}

1.产生“后代”(子类)

语法:class son extends father{

}

说明:父类只是一个平常的类,要想有后代你只需要在平常类后加一个extends关键字就OK了,这样你的子类只拥有了父类所有的属性和方法了。其实就是这么简单罢了。

下面让我们做点实际点事情吧,毕竟PHP类的继承中定义一个父类和子类是要完成某个任务的吧!在这里这个任务比较单调,就拿人来说,人有名字(属性),人要睡觉还要吃饭(方法)。我们就用这个基本的任务要完成本节的知识吧。

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span> ?php   </span></span></span></li>
<li><span>class father{   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>protected $name;   </span></li>
<li><span>function __construct($name){   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=$name;   </span>
</li>
<li><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>function __destruct(){   </span></li>
<li>
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}也是要死的</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">/></span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";   </span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li><span>//这个就是所谓的构造函数,用来初始化   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>function go_to_sleeping(){   </span></li>
<li>
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}想睡觉.</span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";   </span></span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li><span>function eat(){   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}想吃饭.</span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";   </span></span></span>
</li>
<li><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li><span>class son extends father{   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>function playing(){   </span></li>
<li><span>//小孩子会很调皮的,当然他也是要吃要睡的生物   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}正在捣蛋...</span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";   </span></span></span>
</li>
<li><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li>
<span>$</span><span class="attribute">your_father</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> father("老爸");   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$your_father-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>go_to_sleeping();   </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$your_father-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>eat();   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute">my_son</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> son('宝贝');   </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$my_son-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>go_to_sleeping();   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$my_son-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>eat();   </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$my_son-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>playing();   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="tag">?></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li><span class="tag"><span> ?php  </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>class father{  </span></li>
<li><span>protected $name;  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>function __construct($name){  </span></li>
<li>
<span>$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=$name;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li>
<li><span>function __destruct(){  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}也是要死的</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">/></span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";  </span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li><span>}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//这个就是所谓的构造函数,用来初始化  </span></li>
<li><span>function go_to_sleeping(){  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}想睡觉.</span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";  </span></span></span>
</li>
<li><span>}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>function eat(){  </span></li>
<li>
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}想吃饭.</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";  </span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li>
<li><span>}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>class son extends father{  </span></li>
<li><span>function playing(){  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//小孩子会很调皮的,当然他也是要吃要睡的生物  </span></li>
<li>
<span>echo "</span><span class="tag"><span> </span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>{$this-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>name}正在捣蛋...</span><span class="tag"><span> /p</span><span class="tag">></span><span>";  </span></span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li>
<li><span>}  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute">your_father</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> father("老爸");  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$your_father-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>go_to_sleeping();  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$your_father-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>eat();  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$</span><span class="attribute">my_son</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">new</span><span> son('宝贝');  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$my_son-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>go_to_sleeping();  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$my_son-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>eat();  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$my_son-</span><span class="tag">></span><span>playing();  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="tag">?></span><span> </span>
</li>
</ol>
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解析:在我们的第一个使用继承的范例里使用了PHP的构造函数中所提到的构造函数和PHP类的封装中的关键字,如果有什么不明白的就去看看吧!我可不想再多说了,中午没想睡觉呀.说说这段小程序吧。

在类的father里,我们定义了一般的特征,比如人的名字,人要吃饭和睡觉,然后在它的子类(后代)我们定义一个个性化的方法(playing),毕竟人与人之间是有不同的地方吧。我们使用构造函数来初始化这个人名,当然也使用了析构函数来“消灭”掉对象,但你可能没有发现在子类里内是没有构造函数和析构函数的,所以子类是继承了父的所有方法,要不然你怎么能$my_son->go_to_sleeping();这样调用呢,这就是PHP类的继承了。
 


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