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应用PHP框架应该注意些什么

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:11 AM
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PHP框架是什么?

PHP框架提供了一个用以构建web应用的基本框架,从而简化了用PHP编写web应用程序的流程。换言之,PHP框架有助于促进快速应用开发( RAD ),不但节省开发时间、有助于建立更稳定的应用,而且减少了重复编码的开发。通过确保适当的数据库交换和在表现层编码,框架还可以帮助初学者建立更稳定的应用服务。这可以让你花更多的时间去创建实际的Web应用程序,而不是花时间写重复的代码。

通常认为应用PHP框架的作用相当于模型-视图-控制器(Model View Controller)。MVC是种编程的架构模式,将业务逻辑从UI中分离出来,允许一个一个单独修改(也称为关注点分离)。在MVC中,Model指数据,View指表现层,Controller则指应用程序或业务逻辑。基本上, MVC打破了一个应用的开发进程,这样各组件就可以不受影响地各自工作。从本质上讲,这使得用PHP编码更快更简单。

为什么要应用PHP框架?

开发人员使用PHP框架的好处很多,其中之一是加快开发进程。在类似项目中重用代码将为开发者节省大量的时间和精力。框架为执行繁琐的代码任务提供预建模块,因此,开发人员可以把时间花在实际应用的开发上,而不是每一个项目都重新构建基础功能。

稳定是开发者使用框架的另一个重要原因。虽然简单是PHP最大的优点,很多人也因为这一点喜欢使用这个脚本语言,但它同时也是PHP最大的缺点。一些开发者尤其是初学者很容易写出低劣的代码,而自己却没有意识到。使用PHP,应用往往会将静态工作加倍,不知不觉中您可能已经在编码时打开了一个大的安全漏洞,因此可能会受到攻击。重要的是要记住,PHP是一个非常宽容的语言,因此,更重要的是在编程时确保封闭任何漏洞,即便应用看起来可以正常工作。

最后,PHP框架的使用是非常广泛的,而且有许多不同的框架可供选择。许多开发者会选择知名的框架,是因为它的知名度、其开发团队的巨大支持,而且他们可以通过论坛/社区来与其他使用相同框架的开发者交流,当然你也可以开发自己的框架。这里提醒一下,首先应该检查你的项目来决定是否应该使用一个框架。你应该问自己:它会节省你和其他使用者的时间和精力么?应用程序的性能会更好么?是否会提高稳定性?如果这些问题你的回答都是是,那么你就该为你的项目选择一个合适的框架了。

何时应用PHP框架?

这是一个无论有经验的开发者还是初级开发者都共有的问题,而且这个问题也确实没有直接的回答。对于许多初学者来说,一个框架将提供很多简便和稳定,因此应该尽可能地使用PHP框架。这将有助于减少或消除不良编码,加快开发进程。

另一方面,许多有经验的PHP程序员将框架视为不知道如何写出好的、干净的代码的低级程序员的工具。姑且不论这一点的真假,起码毋庸置疑的是PHP框架是一个可以用来节省时间并强化自己编码的工具。

当工作的项目时间紧迫时,使用PHP框架就有很多好处,可以大大加快编码进程,因此所以如果你时间紧迫,使用PHP框架就是很好的选择。另一个例子是,当你所做的项目有大量代码时,也应当考虑使用PHP框架,因为这将有助于减少工作的繁琐度。

寻找一个什么样的PHP框架?

有许多可供开发者选择的PHP框架,甚至还可以创建自己的框架,尽管只建议PHP专家级这样做。当寻找你最需要的PHP框架时,重要的是要搞清楚谁将自始至终使用或修改你的应用,如果是有很多人做这件事情,那么最好使用流行的PHP框架,这样大部分开发者都不会陌生。另一方面,如果你想构建Web应用程序为你个人使用,那就最好选择令你满意的PHP框架,而不在乎它在开发者社区中是否流行。

应用PHP框架的参考因素有很多,包括:容易使用、快速开发、性能、开发者中的流行程度、强大的功能,技术支持、论坛等。当你第一次选择PHP框架时,为了找到一个适合你需求的最佳选择,建议多尝试几个。每个框架都有所不同,并有不同的长处和短处。例如Zend框架由于V3和多样的功能、并且有一个广泛的支持系统,因而它流行了这么久。相反, CakePHP是另一个晚于Zend框架的PHP框架,相应的支持系统也比较少,但更方便和易于使用。

正如你所看到的,每种类型的应用PHP框架都有自己的优点,因此,最好反复试验以找出其中哪个最适合你的需要。另一个选择PHP框架的有效方式是咨询你的同事,看看开发社区里选择哪个。那些真正使用过具体框架的能够明确地告诉你它的易用性、功能、支持可用性、社区内的情况,当然可能还有不足。


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