浅析PHP Extension开发基础篇
PHP是当前应用非常广泛的一门语言,从国外的Facebook、Twitter到国内的淘宝、腾讯、百度再到互联网上林林总总的各种大中小型网站都能见到它的身影。PHP的成功,应该说很大程度上依赖于其开放的扩展API机制和丰富的扩展组件(PHP Extension),正是这些扩展组件使得PHP从各种数据库操作到XML、JSON、加密、文件处理、图形处理、Socket等领域无所不能。有时候开发人员可能需要开发自己的PHP扩展,当前PHP5的扩展机制是基于Zend API的,Zend API提供了丰富的接口和宏定义,加上一些实用工具,使得PHP扩展开发起来难度并不算特别大。本文将介绍关于PHP扩展组件开发的基本知识,并通过一个实例展示开发PHP扩展的基本过程。
PHP扩展组件的开发过程在Unix和Windows环境下有所不同,但基本是互通的,本文将基于Unix环境(具体使用Linux)。阅读本文需要简单了解Unix环境、PHP和C语言的一些基础知识,只要简单了解就行,我会尽量不涉及太过具体的操作系统和语言特性,并在必要的地方加以解释,以便读者阅读。
本文的具体开发环境为Ubuntu 10.04 + PHP 5.3.3。
下载PHP源代码
要开发PHP扩展,第一步要下载PHP源代码,因为里面有开发扩展需要的工具。我下载的是PHP最新版本5.3.3,格式为tar.bz2压缩包。下载地址为:http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.3.3.tar.bz2/from/a/mirror。
下载后,将源代码移动到合适的目录并解压。解压命令为:
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>tar -jxvf 源码包名称 </span></span></li></ol>
若下载的是tar.gz压缩包,解压命令为
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>tar -zxvf 源码包名称 </span></span></li></ol>
解压后,在源代码目录中有个ext目录,这里便是和PHP扩展有关的目录。进入目录后用ls查看,可以看到许多已经存在的扩展。下图是在我的环境下查看的结果:

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