Home php教程 php手册 三个绝招让PHP引擎快速运转

三个绝招让PHP引擎快速运转

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:13 AM
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PHP 独特的语法混合了 C、Java、Perl 以及 PHP 自创新的语法。它可以比 CGI或者Perl更快速的执行动态网页。用PHP做出的动态页面与其他的编程语言相比,PHP是将程序嵌入到HTML文档中去执行,执行效率比完全生成HTML标记的CGI要高许多。下面介绍让PHP引擎快速运转的三个方法。

一、代码优化

一谈到代码优化,或许你想到的就是整齐明了的代码,但是本文的意思却不是在此,因为如果要寻求速度的话,就要对PHP源码作相应的调整。一般说来就是去掉多余的注释,让代码不可读。但是这对于一个具有良好素养的程序员来说,简直就是不可思议的。好在ZendTechnologies 公司发布了Zend 优化引擎可以帮助你做到这一点。它现在是免费的,但是你必须遵循 Zend Optimizer许可。这个产品可以对引擎产生的中间代码进行优化。

安装这个引擎比较简单,下载对应平台的版本以后,解开压缩文件,然后在 php.ini 文件里面加上下面两行,重新启动 Web 服务器,就搞定了。

<ol class="dp-c">
<li class="alt"><span><span>zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15  </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>zend_extension=</span><span class="string">"/path/to/ZendOptimizer.so"</span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>zend_loader.enable=Off </span></li>
</ol>
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如果是 Win32 平台的应该是:

<ol class="dp-c">
<li class="alt"><span><span>zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15  </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>zend_extension_ts=</span><span class="string">"C:\path\to\ZendOptimizer.dll"</span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>zend_loader.enable=Off </span></li>
</ol>
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其实第三行是可选的。因为看起来把 zend_loader 关掉能提高一点速度,因此值得把这第三行放到 php.ini 。需要注意的是,关掉的前提条件是你没有在使用 Zend 加密程序。

二、缓冲

如果想要更进一步提升速度,我们就需要考虑采用缓冲技术了。有一些可选的解决方案,包括 Zend Cache (测试版本), APC, 以及 Afterburner Cache,另外还有 jpCache 等。

以上这些都是属于缓冲模块,他们把第一次对 .php 文件请求产生的中间代码存储在 Web 服务器的内存中,然后对以后的请求返回“编译好”的版本。因为这样减少了磁盘读写,而且都在内存工作,所以这个过程能显著提升应用性能,现成的这类产品比较多,到底选择谁呢?

  • Zend Cache 是一款不错的商业产品,在第一次加载那些很大的 PHP 页面后,你会明显感受到速度的提升,服务器会留出更多的资源。可惜这个产品是要花银子的,但是在有些情形下,你可不要吝啬这些银子。
  • Afterburner Cache 是 Bware Technologies 的产品,目前还处于 Beta 版本,看起来似乎和Zend Cashe 一样,但是它不能达到 Zend Cache 那样好的效果,也不能和 Zend优化引擎一起工作,但是它是免费的,所以我采用了这个模块。
  • APC (Alternative PHP Cache) 是 Community Connect 发布的又一个免费模块,看起来似乎可以用于生产环境了。

三、Web 内容压缩

对于日益拥挤的网络来说,节约带宽就像节约用水一样是十分值得提倡的。根据IETF 标准,大多数浏览器应该支持使用 gzip 压缩的内容。也就是说你可以把用 gzip 压缩的内容发送给浏览器,浏览器会透明的解压数据。

mod_gzip是 Remote Communications 公司推出的免费 Apache 模块,能把静态的Web内容压缩后发送给浏览器。对于大多数静态网页来说,这个模块十分合适。尽管Remote Communications公司的人说这个模块支持所有那些mod_php, mod_perl,mod 什么产生的动态内容,但是看起来还是不能工作,从 mod_gzip的邮件列表来看,这个问题估计要到1.3.14.6f 才能解决。

如果要压缩动态内容的话,我们可以采用class.gzip_encode.php,一个在脚本开始和结束时使用的 PHP类。对整个网站来说就是在 php.ini 的 auto_prepend 和 auto_append中调用其中的函数。详细你可以阅读这个类的程序,这个程序注释得很好,作者几乎把什么都告诉你了。不过使用之前,你的PHP要编译为支持zlib。

对于PHP 5来说,一个新的解决方案就是使用 ob_gzhandler,能达到和上面的类一样的效果,只要简单的在 php.ini 加入下面这句话就可以了:

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span><span>output_handler = ob_gzhandler ; </span></span></li></ol>
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这能让 PHP 激活输出缓冲,并压缩所有输出。如果有什么特殊的理由不想让所有的内容都压缩输出的话,可以采用在 .htaccess 文件中加入下面的行,对对应目录下的文件进行压缩。

php_value output_handler ob_gzhandler

也可以直接在 PHP 代码中加入:

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span><span>ob_start(</span><span class="string">"ob_gzhandler"</span><span>); </span></span></li></ol>
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这项压缩技术十分有效,但是对 Netscape Communicator 用户来说,因为不能压缩图形文件,所以看上去没有完整的发送,因此必须关闭对 jpeg 和 gif 文件的压缩,IE 没有这个问题。

四、结论

采用本文所讨论的技术应该能改善你的网站性能,但是需要注意的是:

PHP 可能不是导致瓶颈的原因,仔细检查其他原因(例如:数据库)

你不可能把服务器性能调节到最高状态。因此在埋怨PHP及其缓冲之前,考虑是否该升级服务器了,或者采用动态负载平衡技术。

不要低估内容压缩,在你100 Mb的内部网上面看到 PHP 应用的速度提升时,不要忘记使用调制解调器的用户在哪里埋怨你的 100Kb 的 HTML 页面。

希望通过以上内容的介绍,能够给你带来帮助。


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