php printf函数格式化详细说明(1/2)
printf() 函数输出格式化的字符串。
语法
printf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++)参数 描述
format 必需。规定字符串以及如何格式化其中的变量。
arg1 必需。规定插到格式化字符串中第一个 % 符号处的参数。
arg2 可选。规定插到格式化字符串中第二个 % 符号处的参数。
arg++ 可选。规定插到格式化字符串中第三、四等等 % 符号处的参数。
说明
arg1, arg2, ++ 等参数将插入到主字符串中的百分号 (%) 符号处。该函数是逐步执行的。在第一个 % 符号中,插入 arg1,在第二个 % 符号处,插入 arg2,依此类推。
提示和注释
注释:如果 % 符号多于 arg 参数,则您必须使用占位符。占位符被插入 % 符号之后,由数字和 "$" 组成。请参见例子 3
printf的格式控制的完整格式:
% - 0 m.n l或h 格式字符
下面对组成格式说明的各项加以说明:
①%:表示格式说明的起始符号,不可缺少。
②-:有-表示左对齐输出,如省略表示右对齐输出。
③0:有0表示指定空位填0,如省略表示指定空位不填。
④m.n:m指域宽,即对应的输出项在输出设备上所占的字符数。n指精度。用于说明输出的实型数的小数位数。为指定n时,隐含的精度为n=6位。
⑤l或h:l对整型指long型,对实型指double型。h用于将整型的格式字符修正为short型。
---------------------------------------
格式字符
格式字符用以指定输出项的数据类型和输出格式。
①d格式:用来输出十进制整数。有以下几种用法:
%d:按整型数据的实际长度输出。
%md:m为指定的输出字段的宽度。如果数据的位数小于m,则左端补以空格,若大于m,则按实际位数输出。
%ld:输出长整型数据。
②o格式:以无符号八进制形式输出整数。对长整型可以用"%lo"格式输出。同样也可以指定字段宽度用“%mo”格式输出。
例:
main()
{ int a = -1;
printf("%d, %o", a, a);
}
运行结果:-1,177777
程序解析:-1在内存单元中(以补码形式存放)为(1111111111111111)2,转换为八进制数为(177777)8。
③x格式:以无符号十六进制形式输出整数。对长整型可以用"%lx"格式输出。同样也可以指定字段宽度用"%mx"格式输出。
④u格式:以无符号十进制形式输出整数。对长整型可以用"%lu"格式输出。同样也可以指定字段宽度用“%mu”格式输出。

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