用PHP脚本在Linux系统上读取输入和对文件进行操作
Perl作为Linux系统命令行脚本的首选解释语言的日子一去不复返了。今天,我们有了更多的选择,包括Python、Ruby和PHP。假如你已经为网站编写PHP代码,并熟谙这种语言,那么你会发现,在命令行使用PHP的速度之快,效果之好令人惊异。
在脚本中,任何脚本语言的一个最大功用是对文件进行操作并获取用户输入。PHP处理这些丝毫不比其它任何脚本语言逊色。
例如,利用PHP在脚本执行期间处理读取用户提供输入,使用:
#!/usr/bin/php
function read_input()
{
$fp = fopen("/dev/stdin", "r");
$input = trim(fgets($fp, 255));
fclose($fp);
return $input;
}
printf("Please supply your name: ");
$name = read_input();
printf("nHello, $name.n");
?>
上面定义的read_input()函数将从STDIN提取输入,存储于$input 变量中,整理所有引导的和尾随的空白空间,然后返回。
同样的原理还可以应用于读取和操作标准文件;记住,对于Linux,STDIN只是另一个文件而已(相应地,上述例子中的opening /dev/stdin 也是这样)。
#!/usr/bin/php
if (file_exists($argv[1]))
{
$file = $argv[1];
} else {
printf("ERROR: File '$file' does not exist!n");
exit 1;
}
$data = file($file);
$c = 1;
foreach ($data as $line)
{
printf(sprintf("[%s]: %s", $c, $line));
$c ;
}
在上述例子中,PHP脚本将会读取传递到命令行文件中的每一行,并紧随当前行数将其输出。假如文件不存在,脚本会打印一个出错提示,并将返回代码1并退出(1表示出错;在正常运行中,脚本会以返回代码0退出)。file() 函数在这里使用,它读取文件的每行,列成数组(在这个例子中,数组为$data),然后用于foreach()语句中,在数组中循环,一次是文件中的一行。
PHP已经不再严格拘泥于基于Web的编程。我们可以将它轻松应用于编写命令行脚本,既灵活又快速。同样地,几乎所有你能用Web脚本进行操作的,例如,数据库操作,都可以轻松地应用PHP的命令行脚本完成。

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