php如何判断变量是否为空?
php判断变量是否为空的几种方法
1、使用isset()
说明:它会判断变量是否为空,并且可以用来判断数组中元素是否被定义过
注意:当使用isset来判断数组元素是否被初始化过时,它的效率比array_key_exists高4倍左右
<?php $a = ''; $a['c'] = ''; if (!isset($a)) echo '$a 未被初始化' . ""; if (!isset($b)) echo '$b 未被初始化' . ""; if (isset($a['c'])) echo '$a 已经被初始化' . ""; // 显示结果为 // $b 未被初始化 // $a 已经被初始化
2、使用empty
说明:任何一个未初始化的变量、值为 0 或 false 或 空字符串”” 或 null的变量、空数组、没有任何属性的对象,都将判断为empty==true
注意1:未初始化的变量也能被empty检测为”空”
注意2:empty只能检测变量,而不能检测语句
<?php header("Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8"); $a = 0; $b = ''; $c = array(); if (empty($a)) echo '$a 为空' . "<br>"; if (empty($b)) echo '$b 为空' . "<br>"; if (empty($c)) echo '$c 为空' . "<br>"; ?>
输出:
$a 为空 $b 为空 $c 为空
3、使用==判断变量是否等于null,判断变量是否为”空”
说明:值为 0 或 false 或 空字符串”” 或 null的变量、空数组、都将判断为 null
注意:与empty的显著不同就是:变量未初始化时 var == null 将会报错。
<?php $a = 0; $b = array(); if ($a == null) echo '$a 为空' . ""; if ($b == null) echo '$b 为空' . ""; if ($c == null) echo '$b 为空' . ""; // 显示结果为 // $a 为空 // $b 为空 // Undefined variable: c
4、使用 is_null,检测变量是否为”null”
说明:当变量被赋值为”null”时,检测结果为true
注意1:null不区分大小写:$a = null; $a = NULL 没有任何区别
注意2:仅在变量的值为”null”时,检测结果才为true , 0、空字符串、false、空数组都检测为false
注意3:变量未初始化时,程序将会报错
$a = null; $b = false; if (is_null($a)) echo '$a 为NULL' . ""; if (is_null($b)) echo '$b 为NULL' . ""; if (is_null($c)) echo '$c 为NULL' . ""; // 显示结果为 // $a 为NULL // Undefined variable: c
5、使用===判断变量是否等于null
检测变量是否为”null”,同时变量的类型也必须是”null”
说明:当变量被赋值为”null”时,同时变量的类型也是”null”时,检测结果为true
注意1:在判断为”null”上,全等于和is_null的作用相同
注意2:变量未初始化时,程序将会报错
总结:
PHP中,”NULL” 和 “空” 是2个概念。
isset 主要用来判断变量是否被初始化过
empty 可以将值为 “假”、”空”、”0″、”NULL”、”未初始化” 的变量都判断为TRUE
is_null 仅把值为 “NULL” 的变量判断为TRUE
var == null 把值为 “假”、”空”、”0″、”NULL” 的变量都判断为TRUE
var === null 仅把值为 “NULL” 的变量判断为TRUE
注意:在判断一个变量是否真正为”NULL”时,大多使用 is_null,从而避免”false”、”0″等值的干扰。
更多相关知识,请访问 PHP中文网!!

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