cygwin是什么
Cygwin是一个在windows平台上运行的类UNIX模拟环境。它对于学习UNIX/Linux操作环境,从UNIX到Windows的应用程序移植,尤其是使用GNU工具集在Windows上进行嵌入式系统开发非常有用。
Cygwin是一个在windows平台上运行的类UNIX模拟环境,是cygnus solutions公司开发的自由软件(该公司开发的著名工具还有eCos,不过现已被Redhat收购)。
它对于学习UNIX/Linux操作环境,或者从UNIX到Windows的应用程序移植,或者进行某些特殊的开发工作,尤其是使用GNU工具集在Windows上进行嵌入式系统开发,非常有用。随着嵌入式系统开发在国内日渐流行,越来越多的开发者对Cygwin产生了兴趣。
Cygwin 提供一个UNIX 模拟 DLL 以及在其上层构建的多种可以在 Linux 系统中找到的软件包,在 Windows XP SP3 以上的版本提供良好的支持。Cygwin主要由Red Hat及其下属社区负责维护。
组成模块
Cygwin包括了一套库,该库在Win32系统下实现了POSIX系统调用的API;还有一套GNU开发工具集(比如GCC、GDB),这样可以进行简单的软件开发;还有一些UNIX系统下的常见程序。2001年,新增了X Window System。
另外还有一个名为MinGW的库,可以跟Windows本地的MSVCRT库(Windows API)一起工作。MinGW占用内存、硬盘空间都比较少,能够链接到任意软件,但它对POSIX规范的实现没有Cygwin库完备。
但糟糕的是,Cygwin不支持Unicode。实际上,除了当前Windows系统以及OEM codepages(例如,一个俄语用户,他的代码页是CP1251和CP866,而不能是KOI8-R、ISO/IEC 8859-5、UTF-8等),Cygwin对其他字符集都不支持。Cygwin 的较新版本可以通过自带终端模拟器的设置来满足显示 UTF-8 和更多代码页的功能。
Red Hat规定,Cygwin库遵守GNU General Public License,但也可以跟符合开源定义的自由软件链接。Red Hat另有价格不菲的许可协议,这样使用Cygwin库的专属软件,就可以进行再发布。
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