php单例模式的实现
<?<span php </span><span /*</span><span * * 设计模式之单例模式 * $_instance必须声明为静态的私有变量 * 构造函数和析构函数必须声明为私有,防止外部程序new * 类从而失去单例模式的意义 * getInstance()方法必须设置为公有的,必须调用此方法 * 以返回实例的一个引用 * ::操作符只能访问静态变量和静态函数 * new对象都会消耗内存 * 使用场景:最常用的地方是数据库连接。 * 使用单例模式生成一个对象后, * 该对象可以被其它众多对象所使用。 </span><span */</span> <span class</span><span Example { </span><span //</span><span 保存例实例在此属性中</span> <span private</span> <span static</span> <span $_instance</span><span ; </span><span //</span><span 构造函数声明为private,防止直接创建对象</span> <span private</span> <span function</span><span __construct() { </span><span echo</span> 'I am Construceted'<span ; } </span><span //</span><span 单例方法</span> <span public</span> <span static</span> <span function</span><span singleton() { </span><span if</span>(!<span isset</span>(self::<span $_instance</span><span )) { </span><span $c</span>=<span __CLASS__</span><span ; self</span>::<span $_instance</span>=<span new</span> <span $c</span><span ; } </span><span return</span> self::<span $_instance</span><span ; } </span><span //</span><span 阻止用户复制对象实例</span> <span public</span> <span function</span><span __clone() { </span><span trigger_error</span>('Clone is not allow' ,<span E_USER_ERROR</span><span ); } </span><span function</span><span test() { </span><span echo</span>("test"<span ); } } </span><span //</span><span 这个写法会出错,因为构造方法被声明为private</span> <span $test</span> = <span new</span><span Example; </span><span //</span><span 下面将得到Example类的单例对象</span> <span $test</span> = Example::<span singleton(); </span><span $test</span>-><span test(); </span><span //</span><span 复制对象将导致一个E_USER_ERROR.</span> <span $test_clone</span> = <span clone</span> <span $test</span><span ; </span>?>
首先我们要知道明确单例模式这个概念,那么什么是单例模式呢?
单例模式顾名思义,就是只有一个实例。
作为对象的创建模式, 单例模式确保某一个类只有一个实例,而且自行实例化并向整个系统提供这个实例,
这个类我们称之为单例类。
单例模式的要点有三个:
下面我们讨论下为什么要使用PHP单例模式?
多数 人都是从单例模式的字面上的意思来理解它的用途, 认为这是对系统资源的节省, 可以避免重复实例化, 是一种"计划生育". 而PHP每次执行完页面都是会从内存中清理掉所有的资源. 因而PHP中的单例实际每次运行都是需要重新实例化的, 这样就失去了单例重复实例化的意义了. 单单从这个方面来说, PHP的单例的确有点让各位失望. 但是单例仅仅只有这个功能和应用吗? 答案是否定的,我们一起来看看。
1. php的应用主要在于数据库应用, 所以一个应用中会存在大量的数据库操作, 在使用面向对象的方式开发时(废话), 如果使用单例模式, 则可以避免大量的new 操作消耗的资源。
2. 如果系统中需要有一个类来全局控制某些配置信息, 那么使用单例模式可以很方便的实现. 这个可以参看zend Framework的FrontController部分。
3. 在一次页面请求中, 便于进行调试, 因为所有的代码(例如数据库操作类db)都集中在一个类中, 我们可以在类中设置钩子, 输出日志,从而避免到处var_dump, echo。

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