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PHP程序加速探索之缓存输出

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:32 AM
cache pear php content accelerate start us explore use program cache output

  内容缓存输出 PEAR cache

  接下来我们开始探索更常用的缓存技术,这也是本文的重点部份。首先我们使用PEAR中的cache包。PEAR可以将内容缓存于文件,数据库或者内存中,我们以文件为例。

  下面是一个没有使用缓存的PHP小程序:

  pear_content_cache1.php

<?php 
echo "这是内容。<P>"; 
echo "当前时间是" . date('M-d-Y H:i:s A', time()) . "<BR>"; 
?>

  上面这个程序非常简单,现在我们为其加上缓存。

  pear_content_cache2.php

<?php 
require_once 'Cache/Output.php';

 //设置缓存目录,必须是可写的 
$cacheDir = './pear_cache'; 
$cache = new Cache_Output('file',array('cache_dir' => $cacheDir));

 //如果nocache变量为空,使用缓存中的内容 
//如果想获得最新的内容,就要赋值给nocache变量 
if (empty($_REQUEST['nocache'])) 

// 建立一个独一的cache标识 
// 请求+Cookie信息 
$cache_id = $cache->generateID(array('url' => $_REQUEST,'post' =>$_POST,'cookies' => $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS)); 

else 

//想获得最新的内容,ID为空 
$cache_id = null; 
}

 //看cache ID对应的缓存内容是否可用 
if ($content = $cache->start($cache_id)) 

//缓存已存在,直接输出,并结束脚本 
echo $content; 
exit(); 
}

 // 缓存中不存在该内容,生成新内容并写入缓存 
echo "这是内容。<P>"; 
echo "当前时间是" . date('M-d-Y H:i:s A', time()) . "<BR>";

 // 把内容写入缓存 
echo $cache->end(); 
?>

  分别刷新这两个文件,你会发现pear_content_cache1.php中的“当前时间是”这一行中的时间是随着刷新而变化的,而pear_content_cache2.php中的这一行则不变。这是由于pear_content_cache2.php使用了缓存,将用户请求的内容存入静态文件中。当用户再次请求时,它直接从文件中输出,而不需要用程序动态生成内容。

  对于pear_content_cache2.php,如果用户想要读取最新的信息,而不是缓存中成旧的信息。那么可以用http://…/pear_content_cache2.php?nocache=1 来访问,这将禁用缓存功能。刷新一下看看,你将发现时间会随之变化。

  总结一下PEAR内容缓存类的使用:

  1.包含PEAR包 要注意设对路径。

2.包含Output.php中的cache类

require_once 'Cache/Output.php';

  3.设置缓存目录

$cacheDir = './pear_cache';

  确认这个目录是可写的。Cache数据将会写入这个目录的子目录中。

  4.建立一个输出缓存对象

$cache = new Cache_Output('file',array('cache_dir' => $cacheDir));

  第一个参数表示我们使用基于“文件”方式的缓存,第二个参数是一个与缓存目录相关联的数组。

  5.产生一个唯一的cache ID

$cache_id = $cache->generateID(array('url' => $_REQUEST,'post' =>$_POST,'cookies' => $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS));

  这里$cache对象的generateID()方法通过提供一个信息数组(URL, HTTP POST data, 和 HTTP cookie)来独一无二地标识这个请求,与其它请求区分开来。

  6.增加一个逻辑判断语句看是否对应于cacheID的缓存数据是否已经存在,如果存在,获取数据并结束脚本。

if ($content = $cache->start($cache_id)) 

echo $content; 
exit(); 
}

  7. 将产生内容的代码放在以上逻辑语句之后,并结束使用cache对象。

echo $cache->end();

  函数缓存输出 PEAR cache

  PEAR除了可以对输出的内容进行缓存处理外,还可以将对某个函数的调用结果缓存起来。这是个很有趣的功能,如果你的程序要频繁使用到某个函数,而且调用的结果相同的话,我建议你不妨试试,特别是当这个函数运行起来比较慢的时候。

  下面我们实现对一个执行起来很慢的函数slowFunction()的缓冲调用。

<?php 
require_once 'Cache/Function.php';

 $cacheDir = './pear_cache/'; 
$cache = new Cache_Function('file',array('cache_dir' => $cacheDir)); 
$arr = array('苹果', '梨','西瓜'); 
$cache->call('slowFunction', $arr); 
echo '<BR>';

 $arr = array('苹果', '梨','西瓜'); 
slowFunction($arr);

 function slowFunction($arr = null) 

echo "一个执行起来很慢的函数 :( <br>"; 
echo "当前时间是 " . date('M-d-Y H:i:s A', time()) . '<br>'; 
foreach ($arr as $fruit) 

echo "我吃了一个 $fruit <br>"; 


?>

  以下是示例的脚本执行结果:

  一个执行起来很慢的函数

  当前时间是 Jul-28-2004 17:15:57 PM
我吃了一个 苹果 
我吃了一个 梨 
我吃了一个 西瓜

  一个执行起来很慢的函数 :( 
当前时间是 Jul-28-2004 17:17:55 PM
我吃了一个 苹果 
我吃了一个 梨 
我吃了一个 西瓜

  代码中,Cache/Function.php类用来执行函数缓冲功能。$cache变量是一个Cache_Function对象,使用基于文件的函数缓存,存入$cacheDir目录。要缓存一个函数调,Cache_Function对象$cache的call()方法要像这样使用:$cache->call(‘slowFunction’, $arr);

  这里,slowFunction()函数被调用,参数为一个数组$arr,这个函数被缓存在$cacheDir目录下的一个文件里。任何在此之后的对这个函数的调用,将会由$cache->call()返回该函数执行的结果。 函数缓存和使用方法和内容缓存很相似,不再多说,具体请查看PEAR手册。

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