PHP 线程安全与非线程安全版本的区别深入解析
从2000年10月20日发布的第一个Windows版的PHP3.0.17开始的都是线程安全的版本,这是由于与Linux/Unix系统是采用多进程的工作方式不同的是Windows系统是采用多线程的工作方式。如果在IIS下以CGI方式运行PHP会非常慢,这是由于CGI模式是建立在多进程的基础之上的,而非多线程。
一般我们会把PHP配置成以ISAPI的方式来运行,ISAPI是多线程的方式,这样就快多了。但存在一个问题,很多常用的PHP扩展是以Linux/Unix的多进程思想来开发的,这些扩展在ISAPI的方式运行时就会出错搞垮IIS。因此在IIS下CGI模式才是PHP运行的最安全方式,但CGI模式对于每个HTTP请求都需要重新加载和卸载整个PHP环境,其消耗是巨大的。
为了兼顾IIS下PHP的效率和安全,微软给出了FastCGI的解决方案。FastCGI可以让PHP的进程重复利用而不是每一个新的请求就重开一个进程。同时FastCGI也可以允许几个进程同时执行。这样既解决了CGI进程模式消耗太大的问题,又利用上了CGI进程模式不存在线程安全问题的优势。
因此,如果是使用ISAPI的方式来运行PHP就必须用Thread Safe(线程安全)的版本;而用FastCGI模式运行PHP的话就没有必要用线程安全检查了,用None Thread Safe(NTS,非线程安全)的版本能够更好的提高效率。
PHP官方http://php.net/上关于widows的版本有4个:VC9 x86 Non Thread Safe,VC9 x86 Thread Safe,VC6 x86 Non Thread Safe,VC6 x86 Thread Safe;那么有什么区别呢?
1.支持的服务器不同
VC9版本是针对IIS服务器的版本,没有对APACHE的支持,而VC6版本对IIS和apache都提供了支持
VC6 是什么?
VC6 就是 legacy Visual Studio 6 compiler ,就是使用这个编译器编译的。
VC9 是什么?
VC9 就是 the Visual Studio 2008 compiler ,就是用微软的 VS 编辑器编译的。
那我们如何选择下载哪个版本的 PHP 呢?
如果你是在 windows 下使用 Apache+PHP 的,请选择 VC6 版本;
如果你是在 windows 下使用 IIS+PHP 的,请选择 VC9 版本;
2.运行方式的不同
PHP有2中运行方式:ISAPI和FastCGI。
ISAPI执行方式是以DLL动态库的形式使用,可以在被用户请求后执行,在处理完一个用户请求后不会马上消失,所以需要进行线程安全检查,这样来提高程序的执行效率,所以如果是以ISAPI来执行PHP,建议选择Thread Safe版本;
而FastCGI执行方式是以单一线程来执行操作,所以不需要进行线程的安全检查,除去线程安全检查的防护反而可以提高执行效率,所以,如果是以FastCGI来执行PHP,建议选择Non Thread Safe版本。
对于apache服务器来说一般选择isapi方式,而对于nginx服务器则选择FastCGI方式。

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