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php抓取页面的几种方法详解

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:48 AM
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在 做一些天气预报或者RSS订阅的程序时,往往需要抓取非本地文件,一般情况下都是利用php模拟浏览器的访问,通过http请求访问url地址, 然后得到html源代码或者xml数据,得到数据我们不能直接输出,往往需要对内容进行提取,然后再进行格式化,以更加友好的方式显现出来。
下面简单说一下php抓取页面的几种方法及原理:
一、 PHP抓取页面的主要方法:
1. file()函数   
2. file_get_contents()函数 
3. fopen()->fread()->fclose()模式 
4.curl方式 
5. fsockopen()函数 socket模式 
6. 使用插件(如:http://sourceforge.net/projects/snoopy/)

二、PHP解析html或xml代码主要方式:
1. file()函数

复制代码 代码如下:


$url='http://t.qq.com';
$lines_array=file($url);
$lines_string=implode('',$lines_array);
echo htmlspecialchars($lines_string);


2. file_get_contents()函数
使用file_get_contents和fopen必须空间开启allow_url_fopen。方法:编辑php.ini,设置 allow_url_fopen = On,allow_url_fopen关闭时fopen和file_get_contents都不能打开远程文件。

复制代码 代码如下:


$url='http://t.qq.com';
$lines_string=file_get_contents($url);
echo htmlspecialchars($lines_string);


3. fopen()->fread()->fclose()模式

复制代码 代码如下:


$url='http://t.qq.com';
$handle=fopen($url,"rb");
$lines_string="";
do{
    $data=fread($handle,1024);
     if(strlen($data)==0) {
        break;
    }
    $lines_string.=$data;
}while(true);
fclose($handle);
echo htmlspecialchars($lines_string);


4. curl方式
使用curl必须空间开启curl。方法:windows下修改php.ini,将extension=php_curl.dll前面的分号去掉,而且需 要拷贝ssleay32.dll和libeay32.dll到C:\WINDOWS\system32下;Linux下要安装curl扩展。

复制代码 代码如下:


$url='http://t.qq.com';
$ch=curl_init();
$timeout=5;
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, $timeout);
$lines_string=curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
echo htmlspecialchars($lines_string);


5. fsockopen()函数 socket模式
socket模式能否正确执行,也跟服务器的设置有关系,具体可以通过phpinfo查看服务器开启了哪些通信协议,比如我的本地php socket没开启http,只能使用udp测试一下了。

复制代码 代码如下:


$fp = fsockopen("udp://127.0.0.1", 13, $errno, $errstr);
if (!$fp) {
    echo "ERROR: $errno - $errstr
\n"
} else {
    fwrite($fp, "\n")
    echo fread($fp, 26)
    fclose($fp)


6. 插件
网上应该有比较多的插件,snoopy插件是在网上搜到的,有兴趣的可以研究一下。
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