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深入PHP autoload机制的详解

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:49 AM
autoload php use exist develop hour mechanism model go deep of system Detailed explanation

在使用PHP的OO模式开发系统时,通常大家习惯上将每个类的实现都存放在一个单独的文件里,这样会很容易实现对类进行复用,同时将来维护时也很便 利。这 也是OO设计的基本思想之一。在PHP5之前,如果需要使用一个类,只需要直接使用include/require将其包含进来即可。
下面是一个实际的例 子:

复制代码 代码如下:


/* Person.class.php */
class Person {
var $name, $age;

function __construct ($name, $age)
{
$this->name = $name;
$this->age = $age;
}
}
?>

/* no_autoload.php */
require_once (”Person.class.php”);

$person = new Person(”Altair”, 6);
var_dump ($person);
?>


在这个例子中,no-autoload.php文件需要使用Person类,它使用了require_once将其包含,然后就可以直接使用Person类来实例化一个对象。

但 随着项目规模的不断扩大,使用这种方式会带来一些隐含的问题:如果一个PHP文件需要使用很多其它类,那么就需要很多的require/include语 句,这样有可能会造成遗漏或者包含进不必要的类文件。如果大量的文件都需要使用其它的类,那么要保证每个文件都包含正确的类文件肯定是一个噩梦。

PHP5为这个问题提供了一个解决方案,这就是类的自动装载(autoload)机制。autoload机制可以使得PHP程序有可能在使用类时才自动包含类文件,而不是一开始就将所有的类文件include进来,这种机制也称为lazy loading。

下面是使用autoload机制加载Person类的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:


/* autoload.php */
function __autoload($classname) {
require_once ($classname . “class.php”);
}

$person = new Person(”Altair”, 6);
var_dump ($person);
?>


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