MySQL如何批量更新数据?
mysql并没有提供直接的方法来实现批量更新,但是可以通过更新语句“UPDATE 表名 SET”配合使用“case+多条when”的形式来实现批量更新。
mysql更新语句很简单,更新一条数据的某个字段,一般这样写:
UPDATE mytable SET myfield = 'value' WHERE other_field = 'other_value';
如果更新同一字段为同一个值,mysql也很简单,修改下<span class="hljs-built_in">where</span>
即可:
UPDATE mytable SET myfield = 'value' WHERE other_field in ('other_values');
这里注意,other_values
是一个逗号,
分隔的字符串,如:1,2,3
1、常规方案
那如果更新多条数据为不同的值,可能很多人会这样写:
foreach ($display_order as $id => $ordinal) { $sql = "UPDATE categories SET display_order = $ordinal WHERE id = $id"; mysql_query($sql); }
即是循环一条一条的更新记录。
一条记录<span class="hljs-keyword">update</span>
一次,这样性能很差,也很容易造成阻塞。
2、高效方案
那么能不能一条sql语句实现批量更新呢?
2.1 CASE WHEN
mysql并没有提供直接的方法来实现批量更新,但是可以用点小技巧来实现。
UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'value' WHEN 2 THEN 'value' WHEN 3 THEN 'value' END WHERE id IN (1,2,3)
这里使用了<span class="hljs-keyword">case <span class="hljs-keyword">when</span></span>
这个小技巧来实现批量更新。
举个例子:
UPDATE categories SET display_order = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 3 WHEN 2 THEN 4 WHEN 3 THEN 5 END WHERE id IN (1,2,3)
这句sql的意思是,更新display_order
字段:
如果id=1 则display_order 的值为3,
如果id=2 则 display_order 的值为4,
如果id=3 则 display_order 的值为5。
即是将条件语句写在了一起。
这里的<span class="hljs-built_in">where</span>
部分不影响代码的执行,但是会提高sql执行的效率。
确保sql语句仅执行需要修改的行数,这里只有3
条数据进行更新,而<span class="hljs-built_in">where</span>
子句确保只有3
行数据执行。
3.2 更新多值
如果更新多个值的话,只需要稍加修改:
UPDATE categories SET display_order = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 3 WHEN 2 THEN 4 WHEN 3 THEN 5 END, title = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'New Title 1' WHEN 2 THEN 'New Title 2' WHEN 3 THEN 'New Title 3' END WHERE id IN (1,2,3)
到这里,已经完成一条mysql语句更新多条记录了。
但是要在业务中运用,需要结合服务端语言。
3.3 封装成PHP函数
在PHP中,我们把这个功能封装成函数,以后直接调用。
为提高可用性,我们考虑处理更全面的情况。
如下时需要更新的数据,我们要根据<span class="hljs-keyword">id</span>
和parent_id
字段更新post
表的内容。
其中,<span class="hljs-keyword">id</span>
的值会变,parent_id
的值一样。
$data = [ ['id' => 1, 'parent_id' => 100, 'title' => 'A', 'sort' => 1], ['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 100, 'title' => 'A', 'sort' => 3], ['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 100, 'title' => 'A', 'sort' => 5], ['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 100, 'title' => 'B', 'sort' => 7], ['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 101, 'title' => 'A', 'sort' => 9], ];
例如,我们想让parent_id
为100
、title
为A
的记录依据不同<span class="hljs-keyword">id</span>
批量更新:
echo batchUpdate($data, 'id', ['parent_id' => 100, 'title' => 'A']);
其中,batchUpdate()
实现的PHP代码如下:
/** * 批量更新函数 * @param $data array 待更新的数据,二维数组格式 * @param array $params array 值相同的条件,键值对应的一维数组 * @param string $field string 值不同的条件,默认为id * @return bool|string */ function batchUpdate($data, $field, $params = []) { if (!is_array($data) || !$field || !is_array($params)) { return false; } $updates = parseUpdate($data, $field); $where = parseParams($params); // 获取所有键名为$field列的值,值两边加上单引号,保存在$fields数组中 // array_column()函数需要PHP5.5.0+,如果小于这个版本,可以自己实现, // 参考地址:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-column.php#118831 $fields = array_column($data, $field); $fields = implode(',', array_map(function($value) { return "'".$value."'"; }, $fields)); $sql = sprintf("UPDATE `%s` SET %s WHERE `%s` IN (%s) %s", 'post', $updates, $field, $fields, $where); return $sql; } /** * 将二维数组转换成CASE WHEN THEN的批量更新条件 * @param $data array 二维数组 * @param $field string 列名 * @return string sql语句 */ function parseUpdate($data, $field) { $sql = ''; $keys = array_keys(current($data)); foreach ($keys as $column) { $sql .= sprintf("`%s` = CASE `%s` \n", $column, $field); foreach ($data as $line) { $sql .= sprintf("WHEN '%s' THEN '%s' \n", $line[$field], $line[$column]); } $sql .= "END,"; } return rtrim($sql, ','); } /** * 解析where条件 * @param $params * @return array|string */ function parseParams($params) { $where = []; foreach ($params as $key => $value) { $where[] = sprintf("`%s` = '%s'", $key, $value); } return $where ? ' AND ' . implode(' AND ', $where) : ''; }
得到这样一个批量更新的SQL语句:
UPDATE `post` SET `id` = CASE `id` WHEN '1' THEN '1' WHEN '2' THEN '2' WHEN '3' THEN '3' WHEN '4' THEN '4' WHEN '5' THEN '5' END,`parent_id` = CASE `id` WHEN '1' THEN '100' WHEN '2' THEN '100' WHEN '3' THEN '100' WHEN '4' THEN '100' WHEN '5' THEN '101' END,`title` = CASE `id` WHEN '1' THEN 'A' WHEN '2' THEN 'A' WHEN '3' THEN 'A' WHEN '4' THEN 'B' WHEN '5' THEN 'A' END,`sort` = CASE `id` WHEN '1' THEN '1' WHEN '2' THEN '3' WHEN '3' THEN '5' WHEN '4' THEN '7' WHEN '5' THEN '9' END WHERE `id` IN ('1','2','3','4','5') AND `parent_id` = '100' AND `title` = 'A'
生成的SQL把所有的情况都列了出来。
不过因为有WHERE
限定了条件,所以只有<span class="hljs-keyword">id</span>
为1
、2
、3
这几条记录被更新。
如果只需要更新某一列,其他条件不限,那么传入的<span class="hljs-variable">$data</span>
可以更简单:
$data = [ ['id' => 1, 'sort' => 1], ['id' => 2, 'sort' => 3], ['id' => 3, 'sort' => 5], ]; echo batchUpdate($data, 'id');
这样的数据格式传入,就可以修改<span class="hljs-keyword">id</span>
从1~3
的记录,将<span class="hljs-keyword">sort</span>
分别改为1、3、5
。
得到SQL语句:
UPDATE `post` SET `id` = CASE `id` WHEN '1' THEN '1' WHEN '2' THEN '2' WHEN '3' THEN '3' END,`sort` = CASE `id` WHEN '1' THEN '1' WHEN '2' THEN '3' WHEN '3' THEN '5' END WHERE `id` IN ('1','2','3')
这种情况更加简单高效。
更多相关知识,请访问 PHP中文网!!

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