基于MySQL体系结构的分析
了解MySql必须牢牢记住其体系结构图,Mysql是由SQL接口,解析器,优化器,缓存,存储引擎组成的
1 Connectors指的是不同语言中与SQL的交互
2 Management Serveices & Utilities: 系统管理和控制工具
3 Connection Pool: 连接池。
管理缓冲用户连接,线程处理等需要缓存的需求
4 SQL Interface: SQL接口。
接受用户的SQL命令,并且返回用户需要查询的结果。比如select from就是调用SQL Interface
5 Parser: 解析器。
SQL命令传递到解析器的时候会被解析器验证和解析。解析器是由Lex和YACC实现的,是一个很长的脚本。
主要功能:
a . 将SQL语句分解成数据结构,并将这个结构传递到后续步骤,以后SQL语句的传递和处理就是基于这个结构的
b. 如果在分解构成中遇到错误,那么就说明这个sql语句是不合理的
6 Optimizer: 查询优化器。
SQL语句在查询之前会使用查询优化器对查询进行优化。他使用的是“选取-投影-联接”策略进行查询。
用一个例子就可以理解: select uid,name from user where gender = 1;
这个select 查询先根据where 语句进行选取,而不是先将表全部查询出来以后再进行gender过滤
这个select查询先根据uid和name进行属性投影,而不是将属性全部取出以后再进行过滤
将这两个查询条件联接起来生成最终查询结果
7 Cache和Buffer: 查询缓存。
如果查询缓存有命中的查询结果,查询语句就可以直接去查询缓存中取数据。
这个缓存机制是由一系列小缓存组成的。比如表缓存,记录缓存,key缓存,权限缓存等
8 Engine :存储引擎。
存储引擎是MySql中具体的与文件打交道的子系统。也是Mysql最具有特色的一个地方。
Mysql的存储引擎是插件式的。它根据MySql AB公司提供的文件访问层的一个抽象接口来定制一种文件访问机制(这种访问机制就叫存储引擎)
现在有很多种存储引擎,各个存储引擎的优势各不一样,最常用的MyISAM,InnoDB,BDB
默认下MySql是使用MyISAM引擎,它查询速度快,有较好的索引优化和数据压缩技术。但是它不支持事务。
InnoDB支持事务,并且提供行级的锁定,应用也相当广泛。
Mysql也支持自己定制存储引擎,甚至一个库中不同的表使用不同的存储引擎,这些都是允许的。

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