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php header()有什么用?

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:54 AM
header() php

php header()有什么用?

PHP header()函数可以向客户端发送原始的HTTP报头,即给客户端发送头信息。

什么是头信息?

这里只作简单解释,详细的自己看http协议。

在 HTTP协议中,服务器端的回答(response)内容包括两部分:头信息(header) 和 体内容,这里的头信息不是HTML中的部分,同样,体内容也不是< /BODY>。头信息是用户看不见的,里面包含了很多项,包括:服务器信息、日期、内容的长度等。而体内容就是整个HTML,也就是你所能看见的全部东西。

头信息有什么用呢?

头信息的作用很多,最主要的有下面几个:

1、跳转:当浏览器接受到头信息中的 Location: xxxx 后,就会自动跳转到 xxxx 指向的URL地址,这点有点类似用 js 写跳转。但是这个跳转只有浏览器知道,不管体内容里有没有东西,用户都看不到。

2、指定网页的内容: 同样一个XML文件,如果头信息中指定:Content-type: application/xml 的话,浏览器会将其按照XML文件格式解析。但是,如果头信息中是:Content-type: text/xml 的话,浏览器就会将其看作存文本解析。(浏览器不是按照扩展名解析文件的)

3、附件: 不知道大家有没有注意,有些时候在一些网站下载东西,点下载连接以后,结果浏览器将这个附件当成网页打开 了,里面显示的都是乱码,这个问题也和头信息有关。有时候浏览器根据Content-type 来判断是打开还是保存,这样有时就会判断错误(主要是网站设计者忘记写Content-type)。其实,还有一个可以来指定该内容为附件、需要保存,这 个就是:Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="xxxxx"

3、附件:

// 指定内容为附件
header(&#39;Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="downloaded.pdf"&#39;);
// 打开文件,并输出
readfile(&#39;original.pdf&#39;);
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PHP header 的7种用法

1. 跳转页面

header(&#39;Location:&#39;.$url);  //Location和":"之间无空格。
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2. 声明content-type和页面的字符编码

header(&#39;content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8&#39;);
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3. 返回response状态码

header(&#39;HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found&#39;);
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4. 在某个时间后执行跳转

header(&#39;Refresh: 10; url=http://www.baidu.com/&#39;);  //10s后跳转。
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5. 控制浏览器缓存

header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT");
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . "GMT");
header("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
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6. . 执行http验证

header(&#39;HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized&#39;);
header(&#39;WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Top Secret"&#39;);
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7. 执行下载操作

header(&#39;Content-Type: application/octet-stream&#39;); //设置内容类型
header(&#39;Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="example.zip"&#39;); //设置MIME用户作为附件
header(&#39;Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary&#39;); //设置传输方式
header(&#39;Content-Length: &#39;.filesize(&#39;example.zip&#39;)); //设置内容长度
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注意:

所有头信息都必须在体内容之前,如果一旦有任何输出了的话,header函数写的 头信息就没用了。

比如,在文件最开头的<?php 处,如果前面有空格或者有空行,那header函数就没用了(其实可以通过设置:output_buffer来解决,anyway),为什么这样,可以看看HTTP协议,很简单。

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