PHP中计算字符串相似度的函数代码
similar_text — 计算两个字符串的相似度
int similar_text ( string $first , string $second [, float &$percent ] )
$first 必需。规定要比较的第一个字符串。
$second 必需。规定要比较的第二个字符串。
$percent 可选。规定供存储百分比相似度的变量名。
两个字符串的相似程度计算依据 Oliver [1993] 的描述进行。注意该实现没有使用 Oliver 虚拟码中的堆栈,但是却进行了递归调用,这个做法可能会导致整个过程变慢或变快。也请注意,该算法的复杂度是 O(N**3),N 是最长字符串的长度。
比如我们想找字符串abcdefg和字符串aeg的相似度:
复制代码 代码如下:
$first = "abcdefg";
$second = "aeg";
echo similar_text($first, $second);结果输出3.如果想以百分比显示,则可使用它的第三个参数,如下:
$first = "abcdefg";
$second = "aeg";
similar_text($first, $second, $percent);
echo $percent;
similar_text函数的使用及实现过程。similar_text() 函数主要是用来计算两个字符串的匹配字符的数目,也可以计算两个字符串的相似度(以百分比计)。与 similar_text() 函数相比,我们今天要介绍的 levenshtein() 函数更快。不过,similar_text() 函数能通过更少的必需修改次数提供更精确的结果。在追求速度而少精确度,并且字符串长度有限时可以考虑使用 levenshtein() 函数。
使用说明
先看手册上 levenshtein() 函数的说明:
levenshtein() 函数返回两个字符串之间的 Levenshtein 距离。
Levenshtein 距离,又称编辑距离,指的是两个字符串之间,由一个转换成另一个所需的最少编辑操作次数。许可的编辑操作包括将一个字符替换成另一个字符,插入一个字符,删除一个字符。
例如把 kitten 转换为 sitting:
sitten (k→s)
sittin (e→i)
sitting (→g)levenshtein() 函数给每个操作(替换、插入和删除)相同的权重。不过,您可以通过设置可选的 insert、replace、delete 参数,来定义每个操作的代价。
语法:
levenshtein(string1,string2,insert,replace,delete)
参数 描述
•string1 必需。要对比的第一个字符串。
•string2 必需。要对比的第二个字符串。
•insert 可选。插入一个字符的代价。默认是 1。
•replace 可选。替换一个字符的代价。默认是 1。
•delete 可选。删除一个字符的代价。默认是 1。
提示和注释
•如果其中一个字符串超过 255 个字符,levenshtein() 函数返回 -1。
•levenshtein() 函数对大小写不敏感。
•levenshtein() 函数比 similar_text() 函数更快。不过,similar_text() 函数提供需要更少修改的更精确的结果。
例子
复制代码 代码如下:
echo levenshtein("Hello World","ello World");
echo "
";
echo levenshtein("Hello World","ello World",10,20,30);
?>
输出: 1 30

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