对象实例化的方式有哪些?
对象实例化的方式有:1、使用new关键字;2、使用Class类的newInstance方法;3、使用Constructor类的newInstance方法;4、使用clone方法;5、使用反序列化。
对象实例化的几种方式
1、使用new关键字
这是最常见也是最简单的创建对象的方式了。通过这种方式,我们可以调用任意的构造函数(无参的和带参数的)。
Employee emp1 = new Employee(); 0: new #19 // class org/programming/mitra/exercises/Employee 3: dup 4: invokespecial #21 // Method org/programming/mitra/exercises/Employee."":()V
2、使用Class类的newInstance方法
我们也可以使用Class类的newInstance方法创建对象。这个newInstance方法调用无参的构造函数创建对象。
我们可以通过下面方式调用newInstance方法创建对象:
Employee emp2 = (Employee) Class.forName("org.programming.mitra.exercises.Employee").newInstance(); 或者 Employee emp2 = Employee.class.newInstance(); 51: invokevirtual #70 // Method java/lang/Class.newInstance:()Ljava/lang/Object;
3、使用Constructor类的newInstance方法
和Class类的newInstance方法很像, java.lang.reflect.Constructor类里也有一个newInstance方法可以创建对象。我们可以通过这个newInstance方法调用有参数的和私有的构造函数。
Constructor<Employee> constructor = Employee.class.getConstructor(); Employee emp3 = constructor.newInstance(); 111: invokevirtual #80 // Method java/lang/reflect/Constructor.newInstance:([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
这两种newInstance方法就是大家所说的反射。事实上Class的newInstance方法内部调用Constructor的newInstance方法。
这也是众多框架,如Spring、Hibernate、Struts等使用后者的原因。
4、使用clone方法
无论何时我们调用一个对象的clone方法,jvm就会创建一个新的对象,将前面对象的内容全部拷贝进去。用clone方法创建对象并不会调用任何构造函数。
要使用clone方法,我们需要先实现Cloneable接口并实现其定义的clone方法。
Employee emp4 = (Employee) emp3.clone(); 162: invokevirtual #87 // Method org/programming/mitra/exercises/Employee.clone ()Ljava/lang/Object;
5、使用反序列化
当我们序列化和反序列化一个对象,jvm会给我们创建一个单独的对象。在反序列化时,jvm创建对象并不会调用任何构造函数。
为了反序列化一个对象,我们需要让我们的类实现Serializable接口
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.obj")); Employee emp5 = (Employee) in.readObject(); 261: invokevirtual #118 // Method java/io/ObjectInputStream.readObject:()Ljava/lang/Object;
我们从上面的字节码片段可以看到,除了第1个方法,其他4个方法全都转变为invokevirtual(创建对象的直接方法),
第一个方法转变为两个调用,new和invokespecial(构造函数调用)。
下面的Java程序中,我们将用5种方式创建Employee对象。你可以从GitHub找到这些代码
public class ObjectCreation { public static void main(String... args) throws Exception { // By using new keyword Employee emp1 = new Employee(); emp1.setName("Naresh"); System.out.println(emp1 + ", hashcode : " + emp1.hashCode()); // By using Class class's newInstance() method Employee emp2 = (Employee) Class.forName("org.programming.mitra.exercises.Employee") .newInstance(); // Or we can simply do this // Employee emp2 = Employee.class.newInstance(); emp2.setName("Rishi"); System.out.println(emp2 + ", hashcode : " + emp2.hashCode()); // By using Constructor class's newInstance() method Constructor<Employee> constructor = Employee.class.getConstructor(); Employee emp3 = constructor.newInstance(); emp3.setName("Yogesh"); System.out.println(emp3 + ", hashcode : " + emp3.hashCode()); // By using clone() method Employee emp4 = (Employee) emp3.clone(); emp4.setName("Atul"); System.out.println(emp4 + ", hashcode : " + emp4.hashCode()); // By using Deserialization // Serialization ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.obj")); out.writeObject(emp4); out.close(); //Deserialization ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("data.obj")); Employee emp5 = (Employee) in.readObject(); in.close(); emp5.setName("Akash"); System.out.println(emp5 + ", hashcode : " + emp5.hashCode()); } }
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