php中inlcude()性能对比详解
include性能
复制代码 代码如下:
include('include.php');
当然这种方式并没有错误,只不过在效率上它比下面的方式要稍稍差些:
复制代码 代码如下:
include(realpath(dirname(_FILE_)).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'include.php');
这种方式我们可能需要输入更多一些,但相对于前面那种需要PHP引擎去include_path 中迭代查找所有名称为'include.php'才能查找到相应对象来说,dirname(__FILE__)这种绝对路径的指定会让系统迅速定位到相应文件。
在PHP中常量__FILE__ 其实跟C#中的AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory非常类似,它返回的是当前代码正在执行的代码所在文件的绝对路径。而函数dirname()则返回其父文件夹路径。
另外一个更查找效率高,并且书写简单的方式是include('./include.php'),这相当于告诉系统查找当前路径下的'include.php'文件。
在大型系统中我们常常使用另外一个更好的方式,我们常常在路由文件或其他初始化文件中加入如下代码:
复制代码 代码如下:
define('APP_PATH',realpath(dirname(_FILE_)));
这相当于给系统添加了一个全局变量来指出系统根目录,当我们后面需要引用某具体路径下的文件时我们就可以使用如下代码了:
复制代码 代码如下:
include(APP_PATH.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'models'.'User.php');
autoload与include性能比较
例如有以下四个脚本:
复制代码 代码如下:
#file:include1.php
include 'include2.php';
//@todo something#file:include2.php
//@todo something#file:script1.php
include 'include2.php';
//@todo something
#file:script2.php
include 'include1.php';
include 'script1.php'
//@todo something
当执行script1.php时, include ‘include2.php'; 这行代码被执行了一次。而执行script2.php时,这行代码被执行了两次。
这里只是一个简单的例子,在实际的项目中,include2.php被include的次数可能更多。这样反复的include,是否会影响性能呢?为此我写了个脚本来测试。
复制代码 代码如下:
#file:SimpleClass.php
class SimpleClass {
public function __construct() {
echo get_time() . "rn";
}
}
#file:php_include.php
for($i = 0;$i include_once "SimpleClass.php";
new SimpleClass();
}
当$loop值为1时,脚本耗时约0.00018906593322754秒,当$loop为1000时,脚本耗时约0.076701879501343秒。
如果我们用autoload实现呢?
复制代码 代码如下:
#file:php_autoload.php
function __autoload($class_name) {
include_once $class_name . '.php';
}for($i = 0;$i new SimpleClass();
}
在这段代码中,我定义了__autoload函数,几乎一样的脚本,当$loop为1时,耗时0.0002131462097168秒,而当$loop为1000时,耗时仅为前面代码的1/7,0.012391805648804秒。
但请注意看SimpleClass的代码,其中输出了一行字符串,如果去掉这行输出后再比较,会是什么样的结果呢?
在$loop同为1000的情况下,前者耗时0.057836055755615秒,而使用了autoload后,仅仅0.00199294090271秒!效率相差近30倍!
从上面的测试可以看出,当文件仅仅被include一次,autoload会消耗稍微多一点的时间,但如果在文件被反复include的情况下,使用autoload则能大大提高系统性能。
至于是否要使用autoload来解放程序员,这就仁者见仁,智者见智了。在我看来,条件允许的前提下,牺牲这一点性能(某些情况下,甚至可能是提升性能)更为便捷的开发,是值得的。
include()和require()性能
对include()来说,在 include()执行时文件每次都要进行读取和评估;
而对于require()来说,文件只处理一次(实际上,文件内容替换了require()语句)。
这就意味着如果有包含这些指令之一的代码和可能执行多次的代码,则使用require()效率比较高。
另一方面,如果每次执行代码时相读取不同的文件,或者有通过一组文件叠代的循环,就使用include(),
因为可以给想要包括的文件名设置一个变量,当参数为include()时使用这个变量。

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