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PHP中“简单工厂模式”实例代码讲解

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:58 AM
php code by definition Example factory abstract method model use Simple explain

简单工厂模式:
①抽象基类:类中定义抽象一些方法,用以在子类中实现
②继承自抽象基类的子类:实现基类中的抽象方法
③工厂类:用以实例化对象

看完文章再回头来看下这张图,效果会比较好



采用封装方式

复制代码 代码如下:


class Calc{
/**
* 计算结果
*
* @param int|float $num1
* @param int|float $num2
* @param string $operator
* @return int|float
*/
public function calculate($num1,$num2,$operator){
try {
$result=0;
switch ($operator){
case '+':
$result= $num1+$num2;
break;
case '-':
$result= $num1-$num2;
break;
case '*':
$result= $num1*$num2;
break;
case '/':
if ($num2==0) {
throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
}
$result= $num1/$num2;
break;
return $result;
}
}catch (Exception $e){
echo "您输入有误:".$e->getMessage();
}
}
}
$test=new Calc();
// echo $test->calculate(2,3,'+');//打印:5
echo $test->calculate(5,0,'/');//打印:您输入有误:除数不能为0
?>


优点:以上代码使用了面向对象的封装特性,只要有了include这个类,其他页面就可以随便使用了
缺点:无法灵活的扩展和维护
比如:想要增加一个“求余”运算,需要在switch语句块中添加一个分支语句,代码需要做如下改动
添加分支语句

复制代码 代码如下:


class Calc{
public function calculate($num1,$num2,$operator){
try {
$result=0;
switch ($operator){
//......省略......
case '%':
$result= $num1%$num2;
break;
//......省略......
}
}catch (Exception $e){
echo "您输入有误:".$e->getMessage();
}
}
}
?>


代码分析:用以上方法实现给计算器添加新的功能运算有以下几个缺点
①需要改动原有的代码块,可能会在为了“添加新功能”而改动原有代码的时候,不小心将原有的代码改错了
②如果要添加的功能很多,比如:‘乘方',‘开方',‘对数',‘三角函数',‘统计',或者添加一些程序员专用的计算功能,比如:And, Or, Not, Xor,这样就需要在switch语句中添加N个分支语句。想象下,一个计算功能的函数如果有二三十个case分支语句,代码将超过一屏,不仅令代码的可读性大大降低,关键是,为了添加小功能,还得让其余不相关都参与解释,这令程序的执行效率大大降低
解决途径:采用OOP的继承和多态思想
简单工厂模式的初步实现

复制代码 代码如下:


/**
* 操作类
* 因为包含有抽象方法,所以类必须声明为抽象类
*/
abstract class Operation{
//抽象方法不能包含函数体
abstract public function getValue($num1,$num2);//强烈要求子类必须实现该功能函数
}
/**
* 加法类
*/
class OperationAdd extends Operation {
public function getValue($num1,$num2){
return $num1+$num2;
}
}
/**
* 减法类
*/
class OperationSub extends Operation {
public function getValue($num1,$num2){
return $num1-$num2;
}
}
/**
* 乘法类
*/
class OperationMul extends Operation {
public function getValue($num1,$num2){
return $num1*$num2;
}
}
/**
* 除法类
*/
class OperationDiv extends Operation {
public function getValue($num1,$num2){
try {
if ($num2==0){
throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
}else {
return $num1/$num2;
}
}catch (Exception $e){
echo "错误信息:".$e->getMessage();
}
}
}
?>


这里采用了面向对象的继承特性,首先声明一个虚拟基类,在基类中指定子类务必实现的方法(getValue())
分析:通过采用面向对象的继承特性,我们可以很容易就能对原有程序进行扩展,比如:‘乘方',‘开方',‘对数',‘三角函数',‘统计'等等。

复制代码 代码如下:


/**
* 求余类(remainder)
*
*/
class OperationRem extends Operation {
public function getValue($num1,$num2){
return $num1%$num12;
}
}
?>


我们只需要另外写一个类(该类继承虚拟基类),在类中完成相应的功能(比如:求乘方的运算),而且大大的降低了耦合度,方便日后的维护及扩展
现在还有一个问题未解决,就是如何让程序根据用户输入的操作符实例化相应的对象呢?
解决办法:使用一个单独的类来实现实例化的过程,这个类就是工厂
代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:


/**
* 工程类,主要用来创建对象
* 功能:根据输入的运算符号,工厂就能实例化出合适的对象
*
*/
class Factory{
public static function createObj($operate){
switch ($operate){
case '+':
return new OperationAdd();
break;
case '-':
return new OperationSub();
break;
case '*':
return new OperationSub();
break;
case '/':
return new OperationDiv();
break;
}
}
}
$test=Factory::createObj('/');
$result=$test->getValue(23,0);
echo $result;
?>


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