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PHP中使用foreach和引用导致程序BUG的问题介绍

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:58 AM
array bug foreach php introduce code use and copy lead to Quote of program question

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = array(1, 2);
$b = array(11, 12);
foreach($a as &$r){
}
foreach($b as $r){
}
echo $a[1]; // 输出 12


两个的循环的本意可能是: 第一个循环需要在循环中修改元素的内容, 所以使用引用; 但第二个循环只是把 $r 当作一个临时变量. 可是, 为什么 $a[1] 的值发生了改变呢?

当对 $a 的迭代完成后, $r 是 $a[1] 的引用, 改变 $r 的值, 就是改变 $a[1]. 这时, 你可以会奇怪, 代码中并没有修改 $r, 也没有修改 $a[1] 呀?

其实, foreach 是操作的是数组的拷贝, 所以, 后一个迭代相当于:

复制代码 代码如下:


for($i=0; $i$r = $b[$i]; // 修改了 $r! 相当于 $a[1] = $b[$i];
}


为了避免这种情况, 应该在第一个迭代之后, 执行

复制代码 代码如下:


unset($r);


从当前环境中删除 $r 这个变量(引用变量).

即使不是前面的例子, 在第一个迭代之后, 仍然十分可能再执行类似的语句:

复制代码 代码如下:


$r = 123;


循环变量一般是临时变量, 同一个变量名在代码不同的地方表示不同的东西, 但变量的作用域又存在于循环之外. 这就是这种作用域规则的坏处, 加上”变量不声明即使用”的坏外, 再加上变量无类型的坏处.

所以, 在 PHP 中使用引用变量, 应该在引用使用完之后, 应该 unset(). 所有变量在使用之前应该先 unset().
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