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笨鸟学php(6) 数组

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:03 PM
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笨鸟学php(六) 数组

一、数组概述

1.1 数组是复合类型

1.2 数组中可以存储任意长度的数据, 也可以存储任意类型的数据


二、数组的类型

2.1 索引数组: 下标是顺序整数作为索引

<?php $user[0] = 1;	$user[1] = "zhangsan";	$user[2] = "[email&#160;protected]";		echo &#39;<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">';	print_r($user);	echo '
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';?>

2.2 关联数组: 下标是字符串作为索引

<?php $user["id"] = 1;	$user["name"] = "zhangsan";	$user["email"] = "[email&#160;protected]";		echo &#39;<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">';	print_r($user);	echo '
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'; $user["name"] = "lisi"; echo $user["name"];?>

三、数组的多种声明方式

3.1 直接为数组元素赋值

      a. 如果索引下标不给值,就会从0开始顺序索引
      b. 如果给出索引下标,下一个就会是从最大的开始增1

      c. 如果后面出现前面的下标,如果是赋值就是为前面的元素重新赋值
      d. 混合声明时,索引和关联不互相影响(不影响索引下标的声明)


3.2 使用array()函数

      a.  默认是索引数组

      b. 如果为关联数组和索引数组指定下标,使用 键=>值
      c. 多个成员之前使用“,”分割

<?php $user1 = array (1, "zhsangsan", 10, "nan", "[email&#160;protected]");	echo &#39;<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">';	print_r($user1);	echo '
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'; /** Array( [0] => 1 [1] => zhsangsan [2] => 10 [3] => nan [4] => [email protected] ) */ $user2 = array("id"=>1, "name"=>"zhsangsan", "age"=>10, 100=>"nan", "[email protected]"); echo '
';	print_r($user2);	echo '
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'; /** Array( [id] => 1 [name] => zhsangsan [age] => 10 [100] => nan [101] => [email protected] ) */?>

重要知识点: 二维数组

<?php $info=array(		"user"=>array(				array(1, "zansan", 10, "nan"),				array(2, "lisi", 20, "nv")		 )	);	echo $info["user"][1][1]; // lisi	echo '<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">';	print_r($info);	echo '
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'; /** Array ( [user] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => zansan [2] => 10 [3] => nan ) [1] => Array ( [0] => 2 [1] => lisi [2] => 20 [3] => nv ) ) ) */?>

四、数组的遍历

4.1 使用for语句循环遍历(不推荐)

      局限性: 数组必须是索引数组, 而且下标必须是连续的 (然而索引数组下标可以不连续, 数组还可能是关联数组)

<?php $user = array(1, "zhasna", "[email&#160;protected]");	for($i = 0; $i < count($user); $i++){		echo "\$user[{$i}]=".$user[$i]."<br>";	}		/**	 	$user[0]=1		$user[1]=zhasna		$user[2][email protected]	 */?>
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4.2 使用foreach语句循环遍历(强烈推荐)

      循环次数由数组的元素个数决定, 每一次循环都会将数组中的元素分别赋值给后面的变量

<?php $user=array(1, "name"=>"zhasna", "age"=>40, 100=>"nan", "[email protected]");    foreach($user as $key => $val){   // $var 是自定义变量, $key自定义变量  		echo $key." =====> ".$val."<br>";    }        /*     	0 =====> 1		name =====> zhasna		age =====> 40		100 =====> nan		101 =====> [email protected]     */        foreach($user as $val){   // 不要key也可以, 直接遍历$user的值  		echo $val."<br>";    }        /*     	1     	zhasna		40		nan		[email protected]     */?>
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4.3 使用while(), list(), each() 组合循环遍历(不推荐)

      each() 函数:

      * 需要一个数组作为参数

      * 返回来的也是一个数组

      * 返回来的数组时0, 1, key, value四个下标, 0和key下标是当前数组元素的键, 1和value下标是当前数组元素的值

      * 默认当前元素就是第一个元素

      * 每执行一次后就会将当前元素向后移动

      * 如果已经到了最后还执行这个函数, 则返回false

<?php $user = array("id"=>1, "name"=>"zhangsan", "age"=>10, "sex"=>"nan");		while($arr = each($user)){		// echo $arr[0]."==>".$arr[1]."<br>";		echo $arr["key"]." ----> ".$arr["value"]."<br>";	}		/**	 	id ----> 1		name ----> zhangsan		age ----> 10		sex ----> nan	 */?>
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      list() 函数:

      * list()=array(); 需要将一个数组赋值给这个函数

      * 数组中的元素个数要和list()函数中的参数个数相同
      * 数组中的每个元素值会赋值给list()函数中的每个参数,list()将每个参数转为变量

      * list()只能接收索引数组

<?php list($name, $age, $sex) = array("zansan", 10, "nnnnn");	echo $name."<br>";	echo $age."<br>";  // list中的值和数组中的值一一对应	echo $sex."<br>";  // 如果不想给name赋值, 那就写成list(, $age, $sex)	/*	 	zansan		10		nnnnn	 */	 	$user1 = array("id"=>1, "name"=>"zhangsan", "age"=>10, "sex"=>"nan");	list($key, $value) = each($user1);  // Array ( [1] => 1  [0] => id  ) 	echo $key." --> ".$value;	/*	 	id --> 1	 */		$user2 = array("id"=>1, "name"=>"zhangsan", "age"=>10, "sex"=>"nan");	while(list($key, $value) = each($user2)){		echo $key." ==> ".$value."<br>";	}	/*	 	name ==> zhangsan		age ==> 10		sex ==> nan	 */?>
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