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PHP中static关键字原理的学习研究分析

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:07 PM
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看PHP手册的时候发现了下面这样一段代码:

复制代码 代码如下:


function Test()
{
static $count = 0;
$count++;
echo $count;
if ($count Test();
}
$count--;
}
?>


执行结果如下:
这是一个递归的函数,声明的静态变量count记录次数,输出1~10。
我在看的时候有个疑惑,递归调用的时候 static $count = 0; 语句会重复执行,这为什么不会导致count变量被重复赋值呢?带着这个疑问和同事研究了一下,测试用代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:


echo 'start
';
static $a = 10;
echo "$a
";
unset($GLOBALS['a']);
echo "$a
";
static $a = 20;
echo "$a
";
$GLOBALS['a'] = 10;
echo "$a
";
static $a = 30;
echo "$a
";
unset($GLOBALS['a']);
echo "$a
";
static $a;
echo "$a
";
static $a = 40;
echo "$a
";
$a = 100;
echo "$a
";
static $a = 50;
echo "$a
";
static $a = 4;
echo "$a
";
echo 'end
';
exit;
?>


执行结果如下:
start
  1. Notice: Undefined variable: a 
  2. 10 
  3. 10 
  4. Notice: Undefined variable: a 
  5. 10 
  6. 10 
  7. 100 
  8. 100 
  9. 100 
  10. end
(结果中关于文件位置的部分已删去。也可以去掉echo语句使用zend的debug功能查看,这样结果更清晰)

代码第5行第一次输出$a的值为4,由此推测PHP在页面初始化的时候分配静态变量的内存,此时使用了同一个变量的最后一次声明的值(这个可以把4改为其他数测试)。代码第7行调用unset函数销毁变量$a,再次输出$a的值时看到未定义变量的提示,说明变量已经被销毁。

第10行再次输出时,输出结果仍是4而不是20,有两种可能,一个是php再次初始化了$a的值,另一种是php使用了$a被销毁前的值,这个问题在第20行输出的时候解决。第16行$a销毁的时候值为10,第19行声明后输出仍为10。

第11行将$a的值修改为10,在14行再次声明$a,17行输出认为10。推测为重复声明时php还是使用静态变量内存中的值,而不再次赋值。

至此,手册中发现的问题,大致上已经解决了,即递归调用中的声明没有改变$count的值,所以递归在$count=10时成功停止。

可能有理解不正确的地方,欢迎拍砖。
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