第4章 数据处理-php字符串的处理-郑阿奇(续)
1.字符串的定义与显示
定义:通过””,''来标志
显示:echo()和print(),但print()具有返回值值,1,而echo()没有,但echo比print()要快,print()能用在复合语句中。
2.字符串的格式化
printf(string $format[,mixed$args])
第一参数是格式字符串,$args是要替换进来的值,prinf(“%d”,$num);
说明,如果想打印一个”%”,必须用”%”,浮点数f,八进制用”0”
3.常用的字符串函数
1.计算字符串的长度
strlen(string $string),说明,1个英文长度1个字符,1个汉字长度为2个字符,空格也算一个字符。
2.将字符串改变大小写
转为小写:strtolower()
转为大写:strtoupper()
将第一个字符大写: ucfirst()
将每个单词的第一个字母大写 ucwords()
3.字符串裁剪。
当一个字符串的首尾有多余的空白字符,如空格、制表符等可以用
string trim(string $str[,string $charlist])
string rtrim(string $str[sring $charlist])
string itrim(string $str[,string $charlist])
表4.1 trim、itrim、rtrim函数的默认删除字符
字 符 |
ASCII码 |
意 义 |
" " |
32(0x20) |
空格 |
"\t" |
9(0x09) |
制表符 |
"\n" |
10(0x) |
换行 |
"\r" |
13(0x0D) |
回车 |
"\0" |
0(0x00) |
空字节 |
"\x0B" |
11(0x0B) |
垂直制表符 |
4.字符串的查找
string strstr(string $a, string $b)
说明:strstr()函数用于查找字符串指针$b在字符串$a中出现的位置,
并返回$a字符串中从$b开始到$a字符串结束处的字符串。
如果没有返回值,即没有发现$b,则返回FALSE。strstr()函数还有一个同名函数strchr()。
5.字符串与ASCII码
4.字符串的比较
比较函数有
strcmp() //区分大小写
strcasecmp()//不区分大小写
strncmp() //比较部分
strncasecmp()//不区分大小写,比较部分
5.字符串的替换
str_replace(search,replace,subject)
说明使用新的字符串replace替换字符串subject中的search字符串
$str="I love you";
$replace="lucy";
$end=str_replace("you",$replace,$str);
echo $end; //输出"I love lucy"
?>
对大小写敏感,还可实现多对一、多对多的替换,但无法实现一对多的替换。
$str="What Is Your Name";
$array=array("a","o","A","O","e");
echo str_replace($array, "",$str); //多对一的替换,输出"Wht Is Yur Nm"
$array1=array("a","b","c");
$array2=array("d","e","f");
echo str_replace($array1,$array2, "abcdef"); //多对多的替换,输出"defdef"
?>
substr_replace
替换字符串的一部分。
6.字符串与HTML
略
7.其它字符串函数
1.字符串与数组
a.字符串转化为数组
explode()函数可以用指定的字符串分割另一个字符串,并返回一个数组
$str="使用 空格 分割 字符串";
array=explode(" ", $str);
pint_r($array);
输出Array ( [0] => 使用 [1] => 空格 [2] => 分割 [3] => 字符串 )
?>
b.数组转化为字符串
implode(string $glue,array $pieces)
$pieces是保存要连接的字符串的数组,$glue是用于连接字符串的连接符。例如:
$array=array("hello","how","are","you");
$str=implode(",",$array); //使用逗号作为连接符
echo $str; //输出"hello,how,are,you"
?>
c.字符串的加密函数
md5(); crypt(),但这个函数一旦加密后就无法转化为原来的形式。
4.3实例留言薄内容处理
一个留言簿,留言簿上有Email地址和用户的留言,提取客户的Email地址和留言,要求Email地址中@符号前不能有点“.”或逗号“,”。
将Email地址中@符号前的内容作为用户的用户名,并将用户留言中第一人称“我”修改为“本人”。
复制代码 代码如下:
if(isset($_POST['bt1']))
{
$Email=$_POST['Email']; //接收Eamil地址
$note=$_POST['note']; //接收留言
if(!$Email||!$note) //判断是否取得值
echo "<script>alert('Email地址和留言请填写完整!')</script>";
else
{
$array=explode("@", $Email); //分割Email地址
if(count($array)!=2) //如果有两个@符号则报错
echo "<script>alert('Email地址格式错误!')</script>";
else
{
$username=$array[0]; //取得@符号前的内容
$netname=$array[1]; //取得@符号后的内容
//如果username中含有“.”或“,”则报错
if(strstr($username,".") or strstr($username,","))
echo "<script>alert('Email地址格式错误!')</script>";
else
{
$str1= htmlspecialchars("$str2= htmlspecialchars(">"); //输出符号“>”
//将留言中的“我”用“本人”替代
$newnote=str_replace("我","本人",$note);
echo "";
echo "用户". $str1. $username . $str2. "您好! ";
echo "您是". $netname. "网友!
";
echo "
您的留言是:
".$newnote."
";
echo "";
}
}
}
}
?>

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