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PHP 中global 跟$GLOBALS[]的使用和区别

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:08 PM
echo global php var

PHP 中global 和$GLOBALS[]的使用和区别

变量的范围即它定义的上下文背景(也就是它的生效范围)。大部分的 PHP 变量只有一个单独的范围。这个单独的范围跨度同样包含了 include 和 require 引入的文件。例如:

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<?php$a = 1;include 'b.inc';?>
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这里变量 $a 将会在包含文件 b.inc 中生效。但是,在用户自定义函数中,一个局部函数范围将被引入。任何用于函数内部的变量按缺省情况将被限制在局部函数范围内。例如:

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<?php$a = 1; /* global scope */function Test(){    echo $a; /* reference to local scope variable */}Test();?>
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这个脚本不会有任何输出,因为 echo 语句引用了一个局部版本的变量 $a,而且在这个范围内,它并没有被赋值。你可能注意到 PHP 的全局变量和 C 语言有一点点不同,在 C 语言中,全局变量在函数中自动生效,除非被局部变量覆盖。这可能引起一些问题,有些人可能不小心就改变了一个全局变量。PHP 中全局变量在函数中使用时必须声明为 global。

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global 关键字

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首先,一个使用 global 的例子:

Example #1 使用 global

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<?php$a = 1;$b = 2;function Sum(){    global $a, $b;    $b = $a + $b;}Sum();echo $b;?>
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以上脚本的输出将是“3”。在函数中声明了全局变量 $a 和 $b 之后,对任一变量的所有引用都会指向其全局版本。对于一个函数能够声明的全局变量的最大个数,PHP 没有限制。

在全局范围内访问变量的第二个办法,是用特殊的 PHP 自定义 $GLOBALS 数组。前面的例子可以写成:

Example #2 使用 $GLOBALS 替代 global

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<?php$a = 1;$b = 2;function Sum(){    $GLOBALS['b'] = $GLOBALS['a'] + $GLOBALS['b'];}Sum();echo $b;//3?>
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$GLOBALS 是一个关联数组,每一个变量为一个元素,键名对应变量名,值对应变量的内容。$GLOBALS 之所以在全局范围内存在,是因为 $GLOBALS 是一个超全局变量。以下范例显示了超全局变量的用处:

Example #3 演示超全局变量和作用域的例子

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<?phpfunction test_global(){    // 大多数的预定义变量并不 "super",它们需要用 'global' 关键字来使它们在函数的本地区域中有效。    global $HTTP_POST_VARS;    echo $HTTP_POST_VARS['name'];    // Superglobals 在任何范围内都有效,它们并不需要 'global' 声明。Superglobals 是在 PHP 4.1.0 引入的。    echo $_POST['name'];}?>
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?global和$GLOBALS[]区别

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$GLOBALS['var']是外部的全局变量本身,global $var是外部$var的同名引用或者指针

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<?php $var1 = 1; function test(){ unset($GLOBALS['var1']); } test(); echo $var1; ?>
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?结果:Notice: Undefined variable: var1 。因为变量var1被unset函数删除了。

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 <?php $var1 = 1; function test(){ global $var1; unset($var1); } test(); echo $var1; ?> 
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?结果:打印 1

删除的只是别名引用,其本身的值没有受到任何的改变。

global $var其实就是&$GLOBALS['var'],调用外部变量的一个别名而已。?

上面代码中的$var1和$GLOBALS['var1']是指的同一变量的本身。

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PHP的global变量的作用是定义全局变量,但是这个全局变量不是应用于整个网站,而是应用于当前页面,包括include或require的所有文件。?

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结论:

1.$GLOBALS['var']是外部的全局变量本身?

2.global $var是外部$var的同名引用或者指针

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