PHP、Java、C#实现URI参数签名算法，保准应用与REST服务器之间的安全通信，防止Secret Key盗用、数据篡改等恶意攻击行为

PHP、Java、C#实现URI参数签名算法，确保应用与REST服务器之间的安全通信，防止Secret Key盗用、数据篡改等恶意攻击行为

简介

应用基于HTTP POST或HTTP GET请求发送Open API调用请求时，为了确保应用与REST服务器之间的安全通信，防止Secret Key盗用、数据篡改等恶意攻击行为，REST服务器使用了参数签名机制。应用在调用Open API之前，需要为其所有请求参数计算一个MD5签名，并追加到请求参数中，参数名为“sign”。REST服务器在接收到请求时会重新计算签名，并判断其值是否与应用传递过来的sign参数值一致，以此判定当前Open API调用请求是否是被第三者伪造或篡改。

应用在调用Open API之前需要通过 OAuth2.0服务获得用户或平台的授权，获取到授权后将会拿到以下3个重要参数：

• access_token：基于https调用Open API时所需要的访问授权码；
• session_key：基于http调用Open API时所需要的访问授权码；
• session_secret：基于http调用Open API时计算参数签名用的签名密钥。

其中，session_secret这个参数就是做参数签名时所需要的签名密钥。这与Facebook、人人网等平台稍微有所区别，这两个平台在做参数签名时所用的签名密钥一般有2个：

• 如果是通过应用服务端调用Open API，则注册应用时所拿到的应用密钥（即API Key）就是参数签名密钥；
• 如果是通过JavaScript、ActionScript等客户端语言调用Open API，则应用获取到用户授权后所拿到的Session Secret就是参数签名密钥。当然，通过服务端调用Open API时也可以用Session Secret作为签名密钥。

签名算法

假设参与参数签名计算的请求参数分别是“k1”、“k2”、“k3”，它们的值分别是“v1”、“v2”、“v3”，则参数签名计算方法如下：

• 将请求参数格式化为“key=value”格式，即“k1=v1”、“k2=v2”、“k3=v3”；
• 将格式化好的参数键值对以字典序升序排列后，拼接在一起，即“k1=v1k2=v2k3=v3”；
• 在拼接好的字符串末尾追加上应用通过OAuth2.0协议获取Access Token时所获取到的session_secret参数值；
• 上述字符串的MD5值即为签名的值。

注意：计算签名时的请求参数中不要包含sign（签名）参数，因为sign参数的值此时还不知道，有待计算。

另外，计算签名的时候不需要对参数进行urlencode处理（“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”编码），但是发送请求的时候需要进行urlencode处理，这是很多开发者最容易犯错的地方。

签名过程示例

假设某个应用需要获取某个uid为67411167的用户的基本资料，应用在之前的通过OAuth2.0服务获取Access Token的过程中所拿到的session_key和session_secret参数值分别为：

• session_key: "9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="
• session_secret: "27e1be4fdcaa83d7f61c489994ff6ed6"

调用Open API时的系统时间（PHP中可以通过date('Y-m-d H:i:s')来获取当前系统时间）为"2011-06-21 17:18:09"，希望REST服务器以JSON格式返回调用结果，即相当于参与参数签名计算的请求参数集合为：

<span style="color: #000000;">[    </span>"session_key" => "9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"timestamp" => "2011-06-21 17:18:09"<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"format" => "json"<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"uid" => 67411167<span style="color: #000000;">]</span>

则计算签名的具体过程如下：

• 将请求参数格式化为“key=value”格式，格式化后的请求参数集合为:

<span style="color: #000000;"> [    </span>"session_key=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"timestamp=2011-06-21 17:18:09"<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"format=json"<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"uid=67411167"<span style="color: #000000;"> ]</span>

• 将格式化好的参数键值对以字典序升序排列，得到如下参数集：

<span style="color: #000000;"> [    </span>"format=json"<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"session_key=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A="<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"timestamp=2011-06-21 17:18:09"<span style="color: #000000;">,    </span>"uid=67411167"<span style="color: #000000;"> ]</span>

• 将前面排序好的参数集拼接在一起，得到如下字符串:

format<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>jsonsession_key<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>timestamp<span style="color: #339933;">=</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">2011</span><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #208080;">06</span><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">21</span> <span style="color: #cc66cc;">17</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">18</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span>09uid<span style="color: #339933;">=</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">67411167</span>

• 在拼接好的字符串末尾追加上应用通过OAuth2.0协议获取Access Token时所获取到的session_secret参数值，得到如下字符串：

format<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>jsonsession_key<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>timestamp<span style="color: #339933;">=</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">2011</span><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #208080;">06</span><span style="color: #339933;">-</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">21</span> <span style="color: #cc66cc;">17</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">18</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span>09uid<span style="color: #339933;">=</span>6741116727e1be4fdcaa83d7f61c489994ff6ed6

• 对前面得到的字符串求MD5签名，得到的d24dd357a95a2579c410b3a92495f009就是调用API时所需要的sign参数值。

接下来便可以通过HTTP POST方法或HTTP GET方法请求Open API的REST服务器，进行接口调用了，如：

GET /rest/2.0/passport/users/getInfo?session_key=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A%3D&timestamp=2011-06-21+17%3A18%3A09&format=json&uid=67411167&sign=d24dd357a95a2579c410b3a92495f009 HTTP/1.1<span style="color: #000000;">Host: openapi.baidu.comUser</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">Agent: Client of Baidu Open PlatformAccept: </span>*<span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflateAccept-Charset: utf-8Connection: close或POST /rest/2.0/passport/users/getInfo HTTP/1.1Host: openapi.baidu.comUser-Agent: Client of Baidu Open PlatformAccept: </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span>*<span style="color: #000000;">Accept</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">Encoding: gzip,deflateAccept</span>-Charset: utf-8<span style="color: #000000;">Content</span>-Length: 179<span style="color: #000000;">Connection: close session_key</span>=9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A%3D&timestamp=2011-06-21+17%3A18%3A09&format=json&uid=67411167&sign=d24dd357a95a2579c410b3a92495f009

签名算法实现代码

PHP代码实现

获取签名的PHP代码实现方式如下所示：

<span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">*  * 签名生成算法  * @param  array  $params API调用的请求参数集合的关联数组，不包含sign参数  * @param  string $secret 签名的密钥即获取access token时返回的session secret  * @return string 返回参数签名值  </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> getSignature(<span style="color: #800080;">$params</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$secret</span><span style="color: #000000;">) {    </span><span style="color: #800080;">$str</span> = '';  <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">待签名字符串    //先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序</span>    <span style="color: #008080;">ksort</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$params</span><span style="color: #000000;">);    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">遍历排序后的参数数组中的每一个key/value对</span>    <span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$params</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$k</span> => <span style="color: #800080;">$v</span><span style="color: #000000;">) {        </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">为key/value对生成一个key=value格式的字符串，并拼接到待签名字符串后面</span>        <span style="color: #800080;">$str</span> .= "<span style="color: #800080;">$k</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$v</span>"<span style="color: #000000;">;    }    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">将签名密钥拼接到签名字符串最后面</span>    <span style="color: #800080;">$str</span> .= <span style="color: #800080;">$secret</span><span style="color: #000000;">;    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">通过md5算法为签名字符串生成一个md5签名，该签名就是我们要追加的sign参数值</span>    <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #008080;">md5</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$str</span><span style="color: #000000;">); }</span>

调用示例：

<span style="color: #800080;">$uid</span> = 67411167<span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #800080;">$params</span> = <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">(    </span>"session_key" => "9XNNXe66zOlSassjSKD5gry9BiN61IUEi8IpJmjBwvU07RXP0J3c4GnhZR3GKhMHa1A=",    "timestamp" => "2011-06-21 17:18:09",    "format" => "json",    "uid" => <span style="color: #800080;">$uid</span>,<span style="color: #000000;">);</span><span style="color: #800080;">$sign</span> = getSignature(<span style="color: #800080;">$params</span>, "27e1be4fdcaa83d7f61c489994ff6ed6");

Java代码实现

获取签名的java代码实现方式如下所示：

<span style="color: #008000;">/**</span><span style="color: #008000;"> * 签名生成算法 * </span><span style="color: #808080;">@param</span><span style="color: #008000;"> HashMap<String,String> params 请求参数集，所有参数必须已转换为字符串类型 * </span><span style="color: #808080;">@param</span><span style="color: #008000;"> String secret 签名密钥 * </span><span style="color: #808080;">@return</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 签名 * </span><span style="color: #808080;">@throws</span><span style="color: #008000;"> IOException </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> String getSignature(HashMap<String,String> params, String secret) <span style="color: #0000ff;">throws</span><span style="color: #000000;"> IOException{    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序</span>    Map<String, String> sortedParams = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> TreeMap<String, String><span style="color: #000000;">(params);    Set</span><Entry<String, String>> entrys =<span style="color: #000000;"> sortedParams.entrySet();     </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 遍历排序后的字典，将所有参数按"key=value"格式拼接在一起</span>    StringBuilder basestring = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> StringBuilder();    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> (Entry<String, String><span style="color: #000000;"> param : entrys) {        basestring.append(param.getKey()).append(</span>"="<span style="color: #000000;">).append(param.getValue());    }    basestring.append(secret);     </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 使用MD5对待签名串求签</span>    <span style="color: #0000ff;">byte</span>[] bytes = <span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">;    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">try</span><span style="color: #000000;"> {        MessageDigest md5 </span>= MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"<span style="color: #000000;">);        bytes </span>= md5.digest(basestring.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"<span style="color: #000000;">));    } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">catch</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (GeneralSecurityException ex) {        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">throw</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> IOException(ex);    }     </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 将MD5输出的二进制结果转换为小写的十六进制</span>    StringBuilder sign = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> StringBuilder();    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> (<span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++<span style="color: #000000;">) {        String hex </span>= Integer.toHexString(bytes[i] & 0xFF<span style="color: #000000;">);        </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (hex.length() == 1<span style="color: #000000;">) {            sign.append(</span>"0"<span style="color: #000000;">);        }        sign.append(hex);    }    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sign.toString();}</span>

注意：计算签名时所有参数的key和value都必须先转换为对应的字符串类型，因为在HTTP请求中传递的内容都是字符串类型的，很多开发者都因为没注意到这点，直接将非字符串类型的参数的二进制值传递了进去，结果导致签名与服务端计算的不一致而出错。

C#代码实现

获取签名的C#代码实现方式如下所示：

<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 计算参数签名</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></summary></span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="params"></span><span style="color: #008000;">请求参数集，所有参数必须已转换为字符串类型</span><span style="color: #808080;"></param></span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="secret"></span><span style="color: #008000;">签名密钥</span><span style="color: #808080;"></param></span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><returns></span><span style="color: #008000;">签名</span><span style="color: #808080;"></returns></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span> getSignature(IDictionary<<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>, <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>> parameters, <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span><span style="color: #000000;"> secret){    </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序</span>    IDictionary<<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>, <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>> sortedParams = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> SortedDictionary<<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>, <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>><span style="color: #000000;">(parameters);    IEnumerator</span><KeyValuePair<<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>, <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>>> iterator=<span style="color: #000000;"> sortedParams.GetEnumerator();     </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 遍历排序后的字典，将所有参数按"key=value"格式拼接在一起</span>    StringBuilder basestring= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> StringBuilder();    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">while</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (iterator.MoveNext()) {            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span> key =<span style="color: #000000;"> iterator.Current.Key;            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span> value =<span style="color: #000000;"> iterator.Current.Value;            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (!<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span>.IsNullOrEmpty(key) && !<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span><span style="color: #000000;">.IsNullOrEmpty(value)){                basestring.Append(key).Append(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">=</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">).Append(value);            }    }    basestring.Append(secret);     </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 使用MD5对待签名串求签</span>    MD5 md5 =<span style="color: #000000;"> MD5.Create();    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">byte</span>[] bytes =<span style="color: #000000;"> md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(basestring.ToString()));     </span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 将MD5输出的二进制结果转换为小写的十六进制</span>    StringBuilder result = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> StringBuilder();    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> (<span style="color: #0000ff;">int</span> i = <span style="color: #800080;">0</span>; i < bytes.Length; i++<span style="color: #000000;">) {            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span> hex = bytes[i].ToString(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">x</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">);            </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (hex.Length == <span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">) {                result.Append(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">0</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">);            }            result.Append(hex);    }     </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> result.ToString();}</span>

服务器接受请求后，同样对参数进行签名，如果签名相同则数据没有被修改或者丢失。

注意：计算签名时所有参数的key和value都必须先转换为对应的字符串类型，因为在HTTP请求中传递的内容都是字符串类型的，很多开发者都因为没注意到这点，直接将非字符串类型的参数的二进制值传递了进去，结果导致签名与服务端计算的不一致而出错。

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• [form button] jQuery enterprise message form contact code
• [Player special effects] HTML5 MP3 music box playback effects
• [Menu navigation] HTML5 cool particle animation navigation menu special effects
• [form button] jQuery visual form drag and drop editing code
• [Player special effects] VUE.JS imitation Kugou music player code
• [html5 special effects] Classic html5 pushing box game
• [Picture special effects] jQuery scrolling to add or reduce image effects
• [Photo album effects] CSS3 personal album cover hover zoom effect

• [Front-end template] Home Decor Cleaning and Repair Service Company Website Template
• [Front-end template] Fresh color personal resume guide page template
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• [Front-end template] Responsive HTML5 template for educational service institutions
• [Front-end template] Online e-book store mall website template
• [Front-end template] IT technology solves Internet company website template
• [Front-end template] Purple style foreign exchange trading service website template

• [PNG material] Cute summer elements vector material (EPS PNG)
• [PNG material] Four red 2023 graduation badges vector material (AI EPS PNG)
• [banner picture] Singing bird and cart filled with flowers design spring banner vector material (AI EPS)
• [PNG material] Golden graduation cap vector material (EPS PNG)
• [PNG material] Black and white style mountain icon vector material (EPS PNG)
• [PNG material] Superhero silhouette vector material (EPS PNG) with different color cloaks and different poses
• [banner picture] Flat style Arbor Day banner vector material (AI+EPS)
• [PNG material] Nine comic-style exploding chat bubbles vector material (EPS+PNG)

• [Front-end template] Home Decor Cleaning and Repair Service Company Website Template
• [Front-end template] Fresh color personal resume guide page template
• [Front-end template] Designer Creative Job Resume Web Template
• [Front-end template] Modern engineering construction company website template
• [Front-end template] Responsive HTML5 template for educational service institutions
• [Front-end template] Online e-book store mall website template
• [Front-end template] IT technology solves Internet company website template
• [Front-end template] Purple style foreign exchange trading service website template

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