php开发之数组(2)
php开发之数组(二)
在php开发之数组(一)中和大家分享了关于数组的一些基本的知识,在这篇博客里面和大家分享一下对数组的一些操作。
1,字符串与数组的转换
字符串与数组的转换在程序开发的过程中经常用到,主要使用explode()函数和implode()函数实现。
(1),使用explode()函数将字符串依照指定的字符串或者字符separator切开。
语法格式如下:
array explode(string separator,string str,[int limit])
返回由字符串组成的数组,每个元素都是str的一个子串,它们被spatator作为边界点分割出来。如果设置了limit参数,则返回的数组包含最多limit个元素,而最后的那个元素,将包含str剩余部分。如果separator为空字符(“”),explode()函数将返回false;如果separator所包含的值在str中找不到,那么explode()函数将返回包含str单个元素的数组;如果limit参数是负数,那么则返回除了最后limit个元素外的所有元素。
示例代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$string</span> =<span class="hljs-string">"I'm Jack my job is a php coder"</span>;<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> = explode(<span class="hljs-string">" "</span>,<span class="hljs-variable">$string</span>);print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:
(2),使用implode()函数将数组转化为一个字符串。
语法格式如下:
implode(string glue,array arr)
参数glue是字符串类型,表示要传入的分隔符。参数arr表示传入要合并元素的数组变量名称。
具体示例代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"I'm"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"coder"</span>);<span class="hljs-variable">$str</span>= implode(<span class="hljs-string">" "</span>,<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$str</span>;<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:
2,查询数组中指定的元素
array_search()函数,在数组中给定指定的值,找到后返回键名,否则返回false。
语法格式如下:
mixed array_search(mixed needle,array haystack [,bool strict])
参数needle指定在数组中搜索的值;参数haystack指定被搜索的数组;参数strict为可选参数,如果为true,还将检查给定值的类型。
示例代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"I'm"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"coder"</span>);<span class="hljs-variable">$key</span> = array_search(<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"键值是:"</span>.<span class="hljs-variable">$key</span>;<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:
3,数组种元素出栈
数组中的元素按照索引值依次排列,排在后免得元素就像是栈中后入栈的元素,因此获取数组中最后一个元素很有点像出栈。
array_pop()函数获取数组中的最后一个元素,并且将数组的长度减去1。如果为空或者不是数组,将返回为null。
语法格式如下:
mixed array_pop(array arr)
其中arr参数为数组变量名的名称
实例代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"I'm"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"coder"</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"获取最后一个元素前的数组:"</span>;print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>).<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;<span class="hljs-variable">$value</span> = array_pop(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"最后一个元素是:"</span>.<span class="hljs-variable">$value</span>.<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"获取最后一个元素后的数组:"</span>;print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>).<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
运行结果如下:
4,向数组中添加元素
array_push()函数将数组看作一个栈,将传入的变量压住该栈的末尾,该数组的长度,将增加入栈的变量的数目,返回数组新的元素个数。
语法格式如下:
int array_push(array arr,mixed var [,mixed…])
参数arr 是指定的数组,var是要添加的变量
示例代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"I'm"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"coder"</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"添加元素前的数组:"</span>;print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>).<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;array_push(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"too"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"!"</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"添加一个元素后的数组:"</span>;print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>).<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>
5,删除数组中重复的元素
array_unique()函数删除数组中重复的元素。通过将值作为字符串排序,然后对每个键值只保留一个键名,忽略后面所有的键名,即删除数组中重复的元素。
语法格式如下:
array array_unique(array arr)
arr 是要删除重复元素的数组变量的变量名
示例代码如下:
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span><span class="hljs-variable">$array</span> =<span class="hljs-keyword">array</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"I'm"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"coder"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"super"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"php"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"coder"</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"删除重复元素前的数组:"</span>;print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>).<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;<span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span> = array_unique(<span class="hljs-variable">$array</span>);<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"删除重复元素后的数组:"</span>;print_r(<span class="hljs-variable">$arr</span>).<span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span>;<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>

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