PHP扩展编写点滴 技巧收集
红色部分是我的注释。
更多信息参看:
1.常用的通用功能已经封装好了,在如zen_API.h 头文件中,不用费力查看内部细节,浪费时间。(参考:Extending and Embedding PHP 的附录A)
2.在terminal中运行测试程序,可以看到扩展的内部错误输出,这一点对于解决内存泄漏问题尤其重要。(编译一个debug 的 lib)
3.开发过程中修改Makefile中的“CFLAGS = -g -O2”,去掉优化选项,增加-Wall和-pedantic,便于调试和显示编译警告;
4.某zval*,但其strval非拷贝的,不可用zval_ptr_dtor(zval**),要用efree(void*)。
5.terminal中的$_SERVER['PWD']有值,但是无法通过zend_getenv()取得,原因应该是该值无意义或不可靠。
6.调用“导出函数”,可利用INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU传参;声明的非导出函数可通过INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM使用“导出函数”的参数。
7.注意:RETURN_TYPE用在选择分之和循环等处时,最好置于花括号中,
或者不用分号,因为:#define RETURN_BOOL(b) { RETVAL_BOOL(b); return; }。
8.如果函数的参数是引用的,且非标量,要先析构,以防内存泄露。
9.抛出异常前最好判断EG(exception)中是否已经存在异常,否则会造成内存泄露。
10.当Web服务器API是ISAPI (IIS)的时候,zend_getenv函数是不起作用的。
11.向zend_stack_push()传入数据指针,实际存储(copy)的是该指针指向的数据,换句话说,传入的应该是要存储的数据的指针。
ZEND_API int zend_stack_push(zend_stack *stack, void *element, int size);
ZEND_API int zend_stack_top(zend_stack *stack, void **element);
其中,size == sizeof(*element);
类似地,zend_hash也是如此,比较zend_hash_update和zend_hash_find。
12.使用add_assoc_zval(HashTable*, const char*, zval*)存储的是zval*,而非zval,因此,
存储用户传入的参数时候,要先拷贝一份新的zval,否则会发生不可预料的事情。
13.zval_dtor(zval*)释放变量及其内部的引用内存,zval_ptr_dtor(zval**)先检查refcount
再决定是否调用zval_dtor(zval*),zval_copy_dtor(zval*)仅执行深层的拷贝,即只拷贝
起内部引用的内存,而不拷贝zval;
14.如使用VC编译win的动态链接库,而且代码中调用了zend函数,如zend_getenv,在zend.h中定义为:
extern "C" {
extern ZEND_API char *(*zend_getenv)(char *name, size_t name_len TSRMLS_DC);
}
需要引入该函数,如要使用ZEND_API,需要事先取消LIBZEND_EXPORTS(包括VC“设置”中的预处理定义),或者使用ZEND_DLIMPORT,
ZEND_DLIMPORT char *(*zend_getenv)(char *name, size_t name_len TSRMLS_DC);
下面取自:zend_config.w32.h
复制代码 代码如下:
#ifdef LIBZEND_EXPORTS
# define ZEND_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
# define ZEND_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
#define ZEND_DLEXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#define ZEND_DLIMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
executor_globals_id也需要作如下声明:
ZEND_DLIMPORT int executor_globals_id;
(这个比较有用,如果你要手工编译某些扩展的时候,比如我在编译sqlite3这个扩展的时候,就遇到这个问题。)

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