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一步一步学习PHP(5) 类和对象

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:18 PM
php step create exist how study object us kind

在这一节中,我们就来看看在PHP中如何创建一个类和对象。

1. 创建类

在PHP中,创建一个类和在C#/Java中基本类似,闲话少说,给大家看个最简单的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:


class People
{
var $name;
public function GetName()
{
return $this->name;
}
public function SetName($name)
{
$this->name=$name;
}
}

$p=new People();
$p->SetName("kym");
echo($p->GetName());
?>


这里,我们就创建一个People的类,在这里有四个要点说明一下:

第一个是在PHP中,访问属性(或者方法)不是用我们所常用的点运算符(.),而是用->。

第二个是在PHP中,方法需要用function在标识,这点于Javascript很类似。

第三点是当我们声明一个变量时,需要用var,这点也与Javascript非常类似。

第四点是在PHP中,也有着public ,protected,private三个与C#同样的访问修饰符,不再赘述。

在这里,我们发现,我们可以用$p直接访问$name属性,那么我们需要对其进行控制,方法如下:

复制代码 代码如下:


class People
{
private $name;
public function GetName()
{
return $this->name;
}
public function SetName($name)
{
$this->name=$name;
}
}


这时,我们在外界就无法访问到$name属性了。

还记得我们在上文中提到了可变函数么?在这里我们一样可以用可变函数来访问对象的方法:

复制代码 代码如下:


class People
{
private $name;
public function GetName()
{
return $this->name;
}
public function SetName($name)
{
$this->name=$name;
}
}

$p=new People();
$get="GetName";
$set="SetName";
$p->$set("kym");
echo($p->$get());
?>


2. 静态方法(属性)

在PHP中声明静态方法(也可称之为类方法)与C#中是十分类似的。

复制代码 代码如下:


class DataBase
{
public static function CreateConnection()
{
echo("Success");
}
}
DataBase::CreateConnection();
?>


同理,声明静态属性也是一样。

复制代码 代码如下:


class DataBase
{
static $connectionString="http://127.0.0.1";
public static function CreateConnection()
{
echo("Success");
}
}
echo(DataBase::$connectionString);
DataBase::CreateConnection();
?>


3. 类常量

在C#中,我们用const来标识常量,在PHP中也是一样。

复制代码 代码如下:


class DataBase
{
const AUTHOR="kym";
static $connectionString="http://127.0.0.1";
public static function CreateConnection()
{
echo("Success");
}
}
echo(DataBase::AUTHOR);
echo(DataBase::$connectionString);
DataBase::CreateConnection();
?>


4. 访问静态变量

我们知道,静态属性(方法)属于类本身,而变量(方法)属于对象本身,而类本身先于对象而存在,那么我们如何来在动态方法中访问静态的变量(方法)呢?在PHP中,为我们提供了self关键字。

复制代码 代码如下:


class DataBase
{
const AUTHOR="kym";
static $connectionString="http://127.0.0.1";
public static function CreateConnection()
{
echo(self::$connectionString." Success");
}
}
echo(DataBase::AUTHOR);
echo(DataBase::$connectionString);
DataBase::CreateConnection();
?>

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