php设计模式介绍之值对象模式第1/5页
例如:通常用一个对象描述一个日期、一个数字或者货币。日期、整数或美元的类定义是都是便于使用的、快捷、便于封装的,并且方便进行拷贝,相互比较,甚至是创建。
从表面上看,这些描述简单的对象很容易被执行:它们的语句非常少,在构造类时无论是应用于Customer还是SKU都没有什么不同。这个想法似乎是正确的,但是所谓的"似乎正确"很容易产生一些bug。
请看下面的代码,这是一个关于以美元给员工发放工资的对象的定义和执行操作。多数情况下,它的运行是没有问题的。(这个类被命名为BadDollar,因为它还存在着bug)。考虑一下,看你是否能发现它的bug。
// PHP5
class BadDollar {
protected $amount;
public function __construct($amount=0) {
$this->amount = (float)$amount;
}
public function getAmount() {
return $this->amount;
}
public function add($dollar) {
$this->amount += $dollar->getAmount();
}
}
class Work {
protected $salary;public function __construct() {
$this->salary = new BadDollar(200);}
public function payDay() {
return $this->salary;
}
}
class Person {
public $wallet;
}
function testBadDollarWorking() {
$job = new Work;
$p1 = new Person;
$p2 = new Person;
$p1->wallet = $job->payDay();
$this->assertEqual(200, $p1->wallet->getAmount());
$p2->wallet = $job->payDay();
$this->assertEqual(200, $p2->wallet->getAmount());
$p1->wallet->add($job->payDay());
$this->assertEqual(400, $p1->wallet->getAmount());
//this is bad — actually 400
$this->assertEqual(200, $p2->wallet->getAmount());
//this is really bad — actually 400
$this->assertEqual(200, $job->payDay()->getAmount());
}
那么, bug是什么呢?如果不能上面的代码例子中直观地发现问题,这里有个提示:雇员对象$p1和对象$p2使用着同一个BadDollar对象实例。
首先,类Work和类Person的实例已经创建。那么,假设每一个雇员最初有一个空的电子钱包,雇员的电子钱包Person:wallet是通过Work::payDay()函数返回的对象资源变量赋值的,所以被设定为一个BadDollar类的对象实例。
还记得PHP5的对象赋值处理方式吗?因为PHP5的对象赋值的处理方式,所以$job::salary,、$p1::wallet和$p2::wallet这三个看上去不同的对象实例虽然使用着不同的“标识符”,但是事实上,它们全部都指定到同一个对象实例。
因此,接下来的发放工资的操作(PayDay表示发放工资的日子,这里表示发放工资的动作),使用$job->payDay()本来仅仅是想增加$P1的工资,却出乎意料地次给$P2也发放了。并且,这个动作还改变了工作的基本工资的额度。因此,最后两个值的检测报错。
Value Object PHP5 Unit Test
1) Equal expectation fails because [Integer: 200] differs from [Float: 400] by 200
in testBadDollarWorking
in ValueObjTestCase
2) Equal expectation fails because [Integer: 200] differs from [Float: 400] by 200
in testBadDollarWorking
in ValueObjTestCase
FAILURES!!!

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